12 Ben Franklin Dixon, ADST, 10/31/1990
13 Pavlos Apostolidis, “Intelligence Services in the National Security System: The Case of EYP”; John M. Nomikos, “Greek Intelligence Service (NIS-EYP): Past, Present and Future,” National Security and the Future 1–2 (9), 2008
14 Alfred C. Ulmer, Jr., Weiner (Legacy), 35; “God we had fun,” NYT obituary, 7/1/2000
15 Meyer, 147
16 Report in Barnet, 109; Blum (Killing Hope), 36
17 Stewart Alsop cable quoted in D. F. Fleming, 444 and Blum, 36
18 Major General Reuben E. Jenkins to Major General Floyd L. Parks, 5/1/1951
19 Brigadier General Leigh Wade, USAF Air Attaché to Brigadier General S. Smith, USAF, Pentagon, letter, 5/9/1951
21 Draenos (Andreas), 15
22 CIA report was based on reports from US Army intelligence officers, July/August 1951.
7: CELIA
1 CW letter to EPD, 7/2/1969
2 CW’s biographical information is drawn from EPD, her State Dept., FBI, CIA, etc. files, and interviews with and letters provided by her niece Barbara LaRosa, 2016–2017.
3 Smith [Moscow], 186–7; A “Secret” State Department document 8/6/1948, described Lapschin as a “tame Russian,” “well-known to the American colony” and “the element of possible disloyalty was just not thought of in such connections.”
4 Bucar, “The Truth about American Diplomats.” Chargé in the Soviet Union (Kohler) to the secretary of state, “Confidential,” FRUS, 1949, Vol. V, doc. 129, Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, 3/4/1949
5 Report of Mr. Wilson and Mr. McKinnon, 6/23/1948; on 4/8/1948, State Dept. had sent a “Top Secret” request for “a complete reinvestigation of the case as expeditiously as possible.” FBI, “Secret” Office memorandum, 6/23/1948, prepared by Wilson and McKinnon. On 8/1/1948 the investigators warned that “top secret” information revealed “disagreement” in the department regarding the significance of CW’s failure to immediately disclose Bucar’s “predicament.” She was extensively interviewed again on 8/6/1948.
6 Nicholson to Peurifoy, Secret, 6/28/1948
7 Ibid.
8 “Top Secret” letter from Elbridge Durbrow, chargé d’affaires, Moscow, to SecState, 5/21/1948; others aware of personnel conflicts in the embassy and having direct knowledge of CW told investigators they would recommend her for work “anywhere behind the Iron Curtain.” FBI investigation, 8/31/1948; Final Report, 10/4/1948 returned to the “Slavic soul” qualification.
9 The United States Information Service (USIS), under the US Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (Smith-Mundt Act), disseminated abroad information about the US, its people and culture. After the United States Information Agency (USIA) was created in 1953 USIS posts abroad became the field offices of the new agency.
10 Interview, 8/14/1951; published Kathimerini, 8/22/1951
11 EPD to CW, 10/8/1951
12 CIA report, 11/15/1955
13 “Alleged Communist Connections of US State Dept and ECA Officials in Athens, Greece” [names redacted], 8/23/1951; Official Dispatch, 9/10/1951, State Dept. Foreign Service Security Office, 10/10/1951; CIA [names redacted] 11/15/1951; John Betts Regional Security Officer, 11/27/1951; State Dept. Foreign Service Security Office, 12/11/1951
14 State Dept. memorandum, 8/8/1951
15 State Department [names and reference number redacted], 9/24/1951
16 CIA [names and reference number redacted], 9/24/1951
17 CIA [names redacted], 9/24/1951; death sentence reference added in SAC communication 6/23/1952; long imprisonment, 7/30/1952
18 AmEmb, 12/11/1951
19 Department of Defense to William Truhart, special assistant State Dept. intelligence, Lyman Kirkpatrick, assistant director for special operations, CIA; director, FBI, “Greece,” 8/7/1952
20 Chourmouzios letter (from “Mr. Hourmouzios”) to Ambassador Peurifoy, 3/20/1952
21 Ibid.
22 “…all connections with him should be discouraged.” State Dept. Security, 6/23/1952
23 EPD letter to CW, 4/29/1951
24 CW letter to SecState, 6/20/1952
25 Chief of FBI’s Special Security Division to Deputy Security Officer, CIA, 7/11/1952; CIA, 7/9/1952
26 FBI, ibid.
27 Attached to the FBI memorandum are two calls deemed “noteworthy” and a “list of telephone calls made by Subject from his hotel during the period from 13 June through July 1952, seven pages with full redactions save for the dates. SAC [CIA] followed with a “blind memo” and report to Lyman B. Kirpatrick, CIA Assistant Director for Special Operations, concerning “identity of more than 100 persons and places called by Subject.” 9/15/1952
28 After referencing the EDP secret agent gossip in Athens, the CIA station chief asked headquarters to “clip wings” of “this menace” for passing himself off as American agent “unless he actually is one in which case request we be advised immediately.” CIA Operations to Washington, 6/10/1952