Start of the War of St Sabas between the Venetians and Genoese.
1256
Mongols destroy the Assassins;
End of hostilities between Venetians and Genoese.
1258
10 February
Mongols capture Baghdad, execute Abbasid caliph; end of the Abbasid caliphate;
10 June
Oxford Provisions adopted in England.
1260
25 January
Mongols capture and sack Aleppo;
2 March
Mongols capture and sack Damascus;
3 September
Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut;
24 October
Baybars murders Sultan Qutuz and assumes his place as ruler of the Mamluk empire.
1261
13 June
Baybars re-establishes the Abbasid caliphate at Cairo;
25 July
Greeks recover Constantinople.
1264
14 May
Battle of Lewes; victory of Simon de Montfort over Henry III.
1265
Mamluks capture Caesarea, Haifa and Arsuf, thus cutting the Kingdom of Jerusalem in half;
January-March
Simon de Montfort’s Parliament held in England;
4 August
Simon de Montfort defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham.
1266
Charles d’Anjou, brother of King Louis IX, defeats Manfred of Hohenstaufen and is crowned king of Sicily;