BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 15
Two: Bleeding Kansas, 1850s
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dred-scott-v-sandford.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 1
John Russell Bartlett, ed., Records of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, in New England, vol. 4 (Providence: A. C. Greene & Brothers, 1865), 191.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 2
Harriott Horry Ravenel, Eliza Pinckney (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1896), 32–33.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 3
David Shuck, “When Levi’s Was ‘The Only Kind Made by White Labor,’ ” Heddels, July 1, 2021, https://www.heddels.com/2021/07/levis-kind-made-white-labor/.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 4
Jaclyn Diaz and Jonathan Franklin, “A Pair of Levi’s That Sold For $76K Reflects Anti-Chinese Sentiment of 19th Century,” National Public Radio, October 14, 2022.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 5
Joanne B. Freeman, The Field of Blood (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018).
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 6
S. P. Chase, Charles Sumner, J. R. Giddings, Edward Wade, Gerritt Smith, Alexander De Witt, “Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States, Shall Slavery Be Permitted in Nebraska?,” Washington, January 19, 1854.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 7
The Kansas-Nebraska Act, May 30, 1854, U.S. Senate, https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Kansas_Nebraska_Act.htm.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 8
“Jane Pierce, Recalling Her Deceased Child, Is Haunted by Happier Times, August 2, 1853,” Shapell.org., https://www.shapell.org/manuscript/franklin-jane-pierce-first-lady-death-of-son-ben-pierce/.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 9
Franklin Pierce, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1853, printed with Pierce’s emendations, https://www.loc.gov/item/pin1901/.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 10
Jean H. Baker, James Buchanan (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2004), 25.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 11
Bleeding Kansas: A Stain on Kansas History, Fort Scott National Historic Site, https://www.nps.gov/articles/bleedingks.htm.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 12
Dale E. Watts, “How Bloody Was Bleeding Kansas? Political Killings in Kansas Territory, 1854–1861,” Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 18, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 116–29.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 13
David Donald, Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (New York: Knopf, 1960), 287.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 14
The Caning of Senator Charles Sumner, May 22, 1856, U.S. Senate, https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 15
Three: Clara Brown, Colorado, 1870s
Linda Lowery, One More Valley, One More Hill: The Story of Aunt Clara Brown (New York: Random House, 2002), 61.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 1
Lawrence B. de Graaf, “Race, Sex, and Region: Black Women in the American West, 1850–1920,” Pacific Historical Review 49, no. 2 (May 1980): 285–313.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 2
Aunt Clara Brown, Savannah Courier, January 7, 1886, 1.
BACK TO NOTE REFERENCE 3
Lowery, One More Valley, One More Hill, 93.
