7
Ben Kuroki interview with Bill Kubota, August 26–27, 1998.
8
Glusman, Conduct Under Fire, p. 388.
9
Ibid., p. 403.
10
Ibid., p. 405.
11
The ten members of Black Jack Too who were executed on June 28, 1945, were: First Lieutenant Woodrow B. Palmer, pilot and aircraft commander; Second Lieutenant Owen P. Walls, copilot; Second Lieutenant Robert F. Dailey, navigator; First Lieutenant Don A. Coulter, bombardier; Sergeant Henry T. Farish, Jr., engineer; Master Sergeant Eugene J. Prouty, radar operator; Staff Sergeant Willard M. Chapman, radio operator; Staff Sergeant Cleveland T. Niles, gunner; Sergeant Peter Sabo, gunner; and Sergeant Charles A. Meisler, gunner. The crew member who died of injuries on the ground was Sergeant Joseph W. Romanelli, gunner. Also executed were two survivors of a 40th Bomb Group B-29 (42-24984) shot down on May 29, 1945: Lieutenant Richard M. Hurley, pilot, and Sergeant Elgie L. Robertson, gunner. More information on the executions, including photographs of the men as well as investigative reports and witness statements, can be found at the website of the 444th Bomb Group at https://www.444thbg.org/sabopete.htm.
12
The members of the Indian Maid crew were: Captain Edward Fishkin, aircraft commander, KIA; Flight Officer Alfred V. Boulton, copilot, KIA; Second Lieutenant Gerald J. McIntosh, bombardier, KIA; First Lieutenant John Meehan, navigator, POW, died in captivity; Staff Sergeant John Driapsa, engineer, KIA; Flight Officer William H. Moore, T-137750, radar operator, KIA; Sergeant Henry W. Sutherland, radio operator, POW, died in captivity; Sergeant Osmond J. Hannigan, central fire control, POW, died in captivity; Sergeant James N. Fitzgerald, right gunner, POW, executed on July 20, 1945; Sergeant Harvey B. Kennedy, Jr., left gunner, POW, executed July 20, 1945; and Sergeant Joseph G. Kanzler, tail gunner, POW, died in captivity. The source of this information is the Flight Safety Foundation’s Aviation Safety Network website, https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/162894; another source is the website of the Empire (Michigan) Area Museum Complex and the page dedicated to local native Warren Aylsworth, a B-29 pilot in World War II, http://empiremimuseum.org/docs/aylsworth.pdf.
CHAPTER 48: OUT OF LUCK
1
Craven and Cate, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945, pp. 641–42.
2
Ibid., p. 642.
3
Ibid., p. 642.
4
Ibid., p. 654.
5
Ibid.
6
Ronald Schaffer, Wings of Judgment: American Bombing in World War II (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 140. Schaffer carefully and powerfully explores the moral and ethical dimensions of the American bombing campaigns of World War II.
7
Craven and Cate, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki, June 1944 to August 1945, pp. 654–55. Also see Schaffer, Wings of Judgment, pp. 140–41.
8
Biographical information on Technical Sergeant Harold J. (Hal) Brown is drawn from various sources, including “Broadcasting Goes on Combat Mission,” Broadcasting, August 20, 1945, p. 68.
CHAPTER 49: UNSCRIPTED ENDING
1
Martin, Boy from Nebraska, p. 191.
2
Ibid.
3
Ben Kuroki interview with Bill Kubota, August 26–27, 1998.
4
Jim Jenkins interview with Bill Kubota, August 8, 1998.
5
President Harry S Truman radio statement announcing the atomic bomb strike on Hiroshima, Japan, August 6, 1945, RG 111, Records of the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Moving Images Relating to Military Activities, NARA.
