The Account Keeper (Maes) 166–72, 167, 171, 191

Adams, George 177

adaptation 21

addition 4, 36, 60, 82, 104, 149, 152

Arabic numerals and 165, 170, 184

ciphering books and 168, 169

counting boards and 158

Mental Calculation World Cup and 203

Oksapmin and 238, 242, 243

place-value system of number symbols and 142, 143

soroban training and 198–201

tables 97, 115, 165, 199, 238

Tongan language and 246

adjective, number as 59, 63, 229

Africa 287

African Stone Age 31, 32–43, 57–62, 186, 231, 232, 287

Homo sapiens spread out of 6, 43, 57, 59, 62, 69

Islamic world and 147, 151, 153

wild number lines grounded in 31, 32–43, 57–62, 186, 253–4

Afro-Asiatic languages 95

Agaligmiut village 256–61, 279

agriculture 3

census and 207, 208

Chinese 188, 189

emergence of 71–2

Mayan 272, 273, 275

Sumerian 85, 86

Tongan 246

Western Chalukya Empire 142

Akkadian 85, 86–7, 90, 95, 148

Aleutian archipelago 260

Alexander the Great 92, 94

Alexandria 140

algebra 143, 145, 149, 154, 193

algorithms 142, 143, 164, 165, 170, 193

almanac 174, 175, 270, 273, 274, 276, 278

Almohad dynasty 151, 153

alphabets

alphabetic number symbols 98, 105, 106, 139, 141, 148–9, 303

Arabic 148–9, 152, 154

Greek 105, 106, 139, 303

Hebrew 160, 162

Latin 155, 160

South Asian 141

Amamalya Ayakwa 229–30

Amazon 7, 254, 279, 284

American Arctic 256

American National Archives 214

Americas 6, 7, 166, 225, 252, 253–85

humans enter 253, 254