1 Dan Baum, “Legalize It All,” Harper’s, April 2016, https://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/.
2 George Jackson, Blood in My Eye (Black Classic Press, 1990), 183.
3 Brian Resnick, “Racist Anti-Immigrant Cartoons from the Turn of the 20th Century,” Atlantic, November 27, 2014, www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/11/racist-anti-immigrant-cartoons-from-the-turn-of-the-20th-century/383248/.
4 Henry Pratt Fairchild, Greek Immigration to the United States (Yale University Press, 1911).
5 Stefano Harney and Fred Moten, The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning & Black Study (Autonomedia, 2013), 42.
6 Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (Liveright, 2017), 5.
7 Rothstein, Color of Law, 50.
8 Rothstein, viii.
9 Ruth Wilson Gilmore, Golden Gulag: Prisons, Surplus, Crisis, and Opposition in Globalizing California (University of California Press, 2007), 90.
10 John Kelly, Soo Rin Kim, Meredith Deliso, Mark Nichols, and Grace Manthey, “How Much Do Police Officers Mirror the Communities They Serve? ABC News Looked at the Data,” ABC News, May 20, 2021.
11 Sabrina Laverty, Uncompetitive and Unrepresented: Voters Locked out of Representation, FairVote, May 3, 2023, https://fairvote.org/report/uncompetitive-and-unrepresented-voters-locked-out-of-representation/.
12 Jonas Hanway, Solitude in Imprisonment (London, 1776).
13 John Locke, “An Essay Concerning Human Understanding,” 1690.
14 Gilmore, Golden Gulag, 12.
15 April K. Cassou and Brian Taugher, “Determinate Sentencing in California: The New Numbers Game,” McGeorge Law Review (University of the Pacific) 9, no. 1 (1978): 5–106, https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/mlr/vol9/iss1/8/.
16Jones v. Hendrix, 599 US ___.
17 Gilmore, Golden Gulag, 14.
18 The Times Editorial Board, “Inmate Firefighters Are Helping to Save California. Give Them a Chance at Full-Time Jobs,” Los Angeles Times, November 1, 2019, www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-11-01/california-inmate-firefighters.
19 Thomas Fuller, “Covid Limits California’s Efforts to Fight Wildfires with Prison Labor,” New York Times, August 24, 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/08/22/us/california-wildfires-prisoners.html.
20 Worth Rises, The Prison Industrial Complex: Mapping Private Sector Players, April 2020, https://worthrises.org/theprisonindustry2020.
21 Wendy Sawyer and Peter Wagner, “Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2023,” Prison Policy Initiative, March 2023, www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pic20e023.html.
22 Dave Davies, “Surveillance and Local Police: How Technology Is Evolving Faster Than Regulation,” NPR, January 27, 2021, www.npr.org/2021/01/27/961103187/surveillance-and-local-police-how-technology-is-evolving-faster-than-regulation.
23 Liz Mineo, “Racial Wealth Gap May Be a Key to Other Inequities,” Harvard Gazette, June 17, 2021, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/06/racial-wealth-gap-may-be-a-key-to-other-inequities/.
24 Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (London, 1776).
25 Fanon, Black Skin White Masks, xv.
26 Daniel Costa. “The Farmworker Wage Gap Continued in 2020,” Economic Policy Institute, July 20, 2021.
27 Charlie Savage, “Countrywide Will Settle a Bias Suit,” New York Times, December 21, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/12/22/business/us-settlement-reported-on-countrywide-lending.html.
28 Rothstein, Color of Law, 152.
29 Rothstein, 158.
30 Rothstein, 130–31.
31 Gilmore, Golden Gulag, 130.
32 Gilmore, 174.
Chapter 3: Reimagining Communities: Ivan Kilgore, United Black Family Scholarship Foundation
1 “The 2020 Pulitzer Price Finalists in Audio Reporting,” Pulitzer Prizes, 2020, www.pulitzer.org/finalists/nigel-poor-earlonne-woods-and-rahsaan-thomas.
2 Sam Stanton and Wes Venteicher, “Exclusive: FBI Investigating Sacramento Prison Plagued by Inmate Slayings, Hazing,” Sacramento Bee, May 17, 2021, www.sacbee.com/news/local/article251004399.html.
3 Dan Morain, “1 Inmate Killed, 13 Hurt in Prison Fight,” Los Angeles Times, March 5, 2019. www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-09-28-mn-48282-story.html; “Inmates Injured in Riot at New Folsom Prison,” Associated Press, December 7, 2011.
4 “Hugo Pinell Killed in California Prison; San Quentin 6 Member Slit Guard’s Throat in 1971 Escape Attempt,” Mercury News, August 12, 2015, www.mercurynews.com/2015/08/12/hugo-pinell-killed-in-california-prison-san-quentin-6-member-slit-guards-throat-in-1971-escape-attempt/.
5 “COVID-19 Review Series, Part Three: Transfer of Patients from California Institution for Men,” California Office of the Inspector General, February 1, 2021.
6 Femi Redwood, “This Is What It’s Like to Be in Prison During Coronavirus,” Vice News, April 2, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tynlUWVcUQU.
7 George Jackson, Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson (Putnam, 1970), 6.
