8 john powell, “Keynote: The Mechanisms of Othering,” Othering & Belonging Institute, University of California, Berkeley, May 30, 2015, https://belonging.berkeley.edu/john-powell-keynote-mechanisms-othering.
9 Ivan Kilgore, Mayhem, Murder & Magnificence: A Memoir (Self-published, 2020), 16.
10 William Evans, Craig Garthwaite, and Timothy Moore, “Guns and Violence: The Enduring Impact of Crack Cocaine Markets on Young Black Males,” NBER Working Paper Series, July 2018.
11 Zach Norris, Defund Fear: Safety Without Policing, Prisons, and Punishment (Beacon, 2021), 60.
12 Zusha Elinson, “As Mayor, Brown Remade Oakland’s Downtown and Himself,” New York Times, September 2, 2010, www.nytimes.com/2010/09/03/us/politics/03bcbrown.html.
13 Rothstein, Color of Law, 211.
14 Norris, Defund Fear, 48.
15 Mariame Kaba, We Do This ‘Til We Free Us: Abolitionist Organizing and Transforming Justice (Haymarket, 2021), 14.
16 Kaba, ‘Til We Free Us, 139.
17 Brentin Mock, “What Should Be Done about Rikers Island’s Dark Fugitive Slave History?” Bloomberg, July 23, 2015, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-23/what-should-be-done-about-rikers-island-s-dark-fugitive-slave-history.
18 James Ridgeway, “America’s 10 Worst Prisons: Rikers Island,” Mother Jones, May 14, 2013, www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/05/america-10-worst-prisons-rikers-island-new-york-city/.
19 Ridgeway, “10 Worst Prisons.”
20 Kaba, ‘Til We Free Us, 20.
21 Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom (Miller, 1855), 153.
Chapter 4: Reimagining Justice: Critical Resistance
1 “The People’s Plan for Prison Closure,” Californians United for a Responsible Budget (CURB), April 2021, https://curbprisonspending.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Peoples-Plan-for-Prison-Closure.pdf.
2 William McCurry, “Legislative Analyst’s Office Skeptical after ‘Warm Shutdown’ of Deuel Vocational Institution,” Davis Vanguard, February 9, 2021, www.davisvanguard.org/2021/02/legislative-analysts-office-skeptical-after-warm-shutdown-of-deuel-vocational-institution/.
3 “California Announces First Closure of State Prison Since 2003,” CBS News, September 25, 2020, www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/california-announces-first-closure-of-state-prison-since-2003/.
4 Tim Arango and Max Whittaker, “‘Nothing Will Be the Same’: A Prison Town Weighs a Future without a Prison,” New York Times, January 13, 2022, www.nytimes.com/2022/01/10/us/susanville-california-prison-closing.html.
5 “Dr. Angela Davis: Activist, Educator, and Social Justice Legend,” interview by the California Endowment, October 21, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKnF-Gap1_Q.
6 “Our History,” Critical Resistance, n.d., https://criticalresistance.org/mission-vision/history/.
7 Matthew Green, “Packing the House: The Back Story on California’s Prison Boom,” KQED, January 6, 2012, www.kqed.org/lowdown/457/packing-the-house-how-big-is-californias-prison-system.
8 “Criminal Justice Reform Is Working in California,” California Budget and Policy Center, December 21, 2021, https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/criminal-justice-reform-is-working-in-california/.
9 Gary Stewart, “Black Codes and Broken Windows: The Legacy of Racial Hegemony in Anti-Gang Civil Injunctions,” Yale Law Journal 107, no. 7 (1998): 2249–79, https://openyls.law.yale.edu/handle/20.500.13051/9095.
10 Eric Arnold, “Oakland Gang Injunctions: Gentrification or Public Safety?,” RP&E Journal 18, no. 2 (Autumn 2011), www.reimaginerpe.org/18-2/arnold.
11 Frank P. Barajas, “An Invading Army: A Civil Gang Injunction in a Southern California Chicana/O Community,” Latino Studies 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 393–417, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.lst.8600280.
12 Monte Francis, “Oakland Approves Bratton after 9-Hour Meeting,” NBC Bay Area, January 23, 2013, www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/oakland-approves-bratton-after-9-hour-meeting/1950399/.
13 “We Won! A Full Victory against Gang Injunctions!” Stop the Injunctions in Oakland, February 10, 2017, https://stoptheinjunction.wordpress.com/2017/02/10/we-won-a-full-victory-against-gang-injunctions/.
14 Randal C. Archibold, “Immigrants Take to U.S. Streets in Show of Strength,” New York Times, May 2, 2006, www.nytimes.com/2006/05/02/us/02immig.html.
15 Mariame Kaba and Eva Nagao, “What about the Rapists?,” Abolitionist FAQ Series, Interrupting Criminalization, 2021, www.interruptingcriminalization.com/what-about-the-rapists.
16 T. K. Logan and Roberta Valente, “Who Will Help Me? Domestic Violence Survivors Speak Out about Law Enforcement Responses,” National Domestic Violence Hotline, January 28, 2021, https://www.thehotline.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/09/NDVH-2015-Law-Enforcement-Survey-Report.pdf.
17 Jon Ortiz, “Prison Officers’ Union PAC Collects $8.2 Million from Members,” Sacramento Bee, February 3, 2016, www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/articlc58e05273.html.
18 Gabriel Petek, “The 2023–24 Budget: The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,” Legislative Analyst’s Office, State of California, February 2023.
19 Yvonne Yen Liu, “Prison Strike’s Financial Impact in California,” Solidarity Research Center, October 2016, http://solidarityresearch.org/project/prison-strikes-financial-impact-california/.
20 “Prison Labor in California State Prisons,” Investigate: A Project of the American Friends Service Committee, n.d., https://investigate.afsc.org/prison-labor-california-state-prisons.
21 Matthew Mitchell, “California Occupational Licensing: Barriers to Opportunity in the Golden State,” Mercatus Center, August 13, 2019, www.mercatus.org/research/state-testimonies/california-occupational-licensing-barriers-opportunity-golden-state.
22 Angela Y. Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete? (Seven Stories, 2011), 12.
23 Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?, 50.
24 Norris, Defund Fear, 3.
25 Petek, “2023–24 Budget.”
