fudge the numbers: Jessica Hamzelou, “Fertility Clinics Are Fudging IVF Stats to Look More Successful,” New Scientist, November 29, 2017, newscientist.com/​article/​mg23631542-700-fertility-clinics-are-fudging-ivf-stats-to-look-more-successful/.

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a form of self-care: Rebecca Grant, “How Egg Freezing Got Rebranded as the Ultimate Act of Self-Care,” The Guardian, September 30, 2020, theguardian.com/​us-news/​2020/​sep/​30/​egg-freezing-self-care-pregnancy-fertility.

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“Beneath the firm’s Instagrammable aesthetic”: Jackie Davalos, “Embryo Errors, Flooded Clinics: Kindbody and IVF’s Risky Business,” Bloomberg, October 13, 2023, bloomberg.com/​news/​articles/​2023-10-13/​kindbody-fertility-clinic-embryo-mix-ups-spotlight-ivf-business-risks.

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“Kindbody’s challenges”: Davalos, “Embryo Errors, Flooded Clinics.”

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“Data suggest that”: Michelle J. Bayefsky, Alan H. DeCherney, and Louise P. King, “Respecting Autonomy—A Call for Truth in Commercial Advertising for Planned Oocyte Cryopreservation,” Fertility and Sterility 113, no. 4 (2020): 743–744, doi.org/​10.1016/​j.fertnstert.2019.12.039.

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“If a woman younger”: Bayefsky et al.,” Respecting Autonomy.”

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aggressive form of: Specifically, triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma. The “triple-negative” meant her cancer wasn’t driven by estrogen, progesterone, or HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, a gene that makes a protein found on the surface of all breast cells).

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Chapter 13

Portions of this chapter, including data from the survey conducted by FertilityIQ, were previously published in The New York Times Magazine on December 11, 2019, under the title “The Unexpected Freedom That Comes with Freezing Your Eggs.”

60 percent reported: B. Hodes-Wertz, S. Druckenmiller, M. Smith, Y. G. Kramer, and N. Noyes, “Beating Biology and Buying Time: An Update Survey of Womens’ Experiences After Oocyte Cryopreservation (OC) for Deferred Reproduction,” Fertility and Sterility 106, no. 3 (2016): e61–e62, doi.org/​10.1016/​j.fertnstert.2016.07.1079.

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91 percent: Benjamin P. Jones, Lorraine Kasaven, Ariadne L’Heveder, Maria Jalmbrant, Joy Green, Mahmoud Makki, Rabi Odia, et al., “Perceptions, Outcomes, and Regret Following Social Egg Freezing in the UK; A Cross-Sectional Survey,” Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 99, no. 3 (2020): 324–332, doi.org/​10.1111/​aogs.13763.

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Twenty percent: Jones et al., “Perceptions, Outcomes, and Regret Following Social Egg Freezing in the UK.”

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egg freezing helps women: Eliza Brown and Mary Patrick, “Time, Anticipation, and the Life Course: Egg Freezing as Temporarily Disentangling Romance and Reproduction,” American Sociological Review 83, no. 5 (2018): 959–982, doi.org/​10.1177/​0003122418796807.

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“hoped to bracket”: Brown and Patrick, “Time, Anticipation, and the Life Course.”

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“has created a new drive”: Peggy Orenstein, Don’t Call Me Princess: Essays on Girls, Women, Sex, and Life (New York: HarperCollins, 2018), 188.

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“Two recessions before”: Hillary Hoffower and Andy Kiersz, “Millennials Make More Money than Any Other Generation Did at Their Age, but Are Way Less Wealthy. The Affordability Crisis Is to Blame,” Insider, September 22, 2021, businessinsider.com/​millennials-highest-earning-generation-less-wealthy-boomers-2021-9.

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unlikely to ever have children: Pew Research Center, “Growing Share of Childless Adults in U.S. Don’t Expect to Ever Have Children,” 2021, pewresearch.org/​short-reads/​2021/​11/​19/​growing-share-of-childless-adults-in-u-s-dont-expect-to-ever-have-children/.

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Why are young adults: Claire Cain Miller, “Americans Are Having Fewer Babies. They Told Us Why,” New York Times, July 5, 2018, nytimes.com/​2018/​07/​05/​upshot/​americans-are-having-fewer-babies-they-told-us-why.html.

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Their reasons: Miller, “Americans Are Having Fewer Babies.”

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climate change affects their decision: Catherine Clifford, “53% of Parents Say Climate Change Affects Their Decision to Have More Kids,” CNBC, cnbc.com/​2023/​06/​20/​climate-change-affects-53percent-of-parents-decision-to-have-more-kids.html.

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adjusted their family planning: Danielle McNally, “Women Are Deciding to Have Fewer Children, and Global Warming Is to Blame,” Marie Claire, February 7, 2022, marieclaire.com/​politics/​climate-change-fertility-modern-fertility-survey/.

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“Around the world”: Anna Louie Sussman, “The End of Babies,” New York Times, November 16, 2019, nytimes.com/​interactive/​2019/​11/​16/​opinion/​sunday/​capitalism-children.html.

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“our workweeks”: Sussman, “The End of Babies.”

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brutal: See, for example, Claire Cain Miller, “The Relentlessness of Modern Parenting,” New York Times, December 25, 2018, nytimes.com/​2018/​12/​25/​upshot/​the-relentlessness-of-modern-parenting.html.

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most educated generations: Pew Research Center, “Millennial Life: How Young Adulthood Today Compares with Prior Generations,” 2019, pewresearch.org/​social-trends/​2019/​02/​14/​millennial-life-how-young-adulthood-today-compares-with-prior-generations-2/.

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don’t have biological children: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fertility of Men and Women Aged 15–49 in the United States: National Survey of Family Growth, 2015–2019,” 2023, cdc.gov/​nchs/​data/​nhsr/​nhsr179.pdf.

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