“Not since the birth control pill”: Emma Rosenblum, “Later, Baby: Will Freezing Your Eggs Free Your Career?,” Bloomberg, April 17, 2014, bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-04-17/new-egg-freezing-technology-eases-womens-career-family-angst.
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Chapter 4
Dr. Ruth Lewis: At one of her first egg freezing appointments, Remy introduced me to her doctor as a friend and someone writing about egg freezing. I agreed not to use her doctor’s real name.
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“a crackling network”: Rachel E. Gross, Vagina Obscura: An Anatomical Voyage (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2022), 161.
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conceived at the same rates: Alexandra Farrow, M.G.R. Hull, K. Northstone, H. Taylor, W.C.L. Ford, and Jean Golding, “Prolonged Use of Oral Contraception Before a Planned Pregnancy Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Delayed Conception,” Human Reproduction 17, no. 10 (2002): 2754–2761, doi.org/10.1093/humrep/17.10.2754.
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roughly 20 percent: Guttmacher Institute, “Contraceptive Use in the United States by Method,” May 2021, guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/contraceptive-method-use-united-states.
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female sterilization: United Nations, “Contraceptive Use by Method 2019,” 2019, digitallibrary.un.org/record/3849735.
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which proved 99 percent effective: Dani Blum, “Despite Encouraging Research, a Male Birth Control Pill Remains Elusive,” New York Times, March 25, 2022, nytimes.com/2022/03/25/well/male-birth-control-pills.html.
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An injectable hydrogel: Paul Anderson, Damien Bolton, and Nathan Lawrentschuk, “Preliminary Results of a First in Human Dose-Ranging Clinical Trial of ADAM, a Nonhormonal Hydrogel-Based Male Contraceptive,” Journal of Urology 209, no. 4 (2023), doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003352.08.
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About 65 percent of reproductive-age women: National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Current Contraceptive Status Among Women Aged 15–49: United States, 2017–2019,” 2020, cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db388.htm.
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four in ten women: Kaiser Family Foundation, “Contraception in the United States: A Closer Look at Experiences, Preferences, and Coverage,” 2022, kff.org/womens-health-policy/report/contraception-in-the-united-states-a-closer-look-at-experiences-preferences-and-coverage.
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more than six million: Guttmacher Institute, “Contraceptive Use in the United States by Method.”
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hundreds of millions: United Nations, “Contraceptive Use by Method 2019.”
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many women struggle: Lauren N. Lessard, Deborah Karasek, Sandi Ma, Philip Darney, Julianna Deardorff, Maureen Lahiff, Dan Grossman, and Diana Greene Foster, “Contraceptive Features Preferred by Women at High Risk of Unintended Pregnancy,” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 44, no. 3 (2012): 194–200, doi.org/10.1363/4419412.
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mood disorders: Eveline Mu and Jayashri Kulkarni, “Hormonal Contraception and Mood Disorders,” Australian Prescriber 45, no. 3 (2022): 75–79, doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2022.025.
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serious health risks: “Hormonal Methods of Contraception,” Merck Manual Consumer Version, last modified August 2023, merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/family-planning/hormonal-methods-of-contraception.
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Chapter 5
Portions of this chapter were previously published in The New York Times on May 1, 2020, under the title “Fertility Clinics Stay Open Despite Unclear Guidelines.”
more than 50 percent: According to the (meager) research available. The World Health Organization says the statistic is even higher, up to a worrying 70 percent. Wendy Wolf, Rachel Wattick, Olivia Kinkade, and Melissa Olfert, “Geographical Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as Determined by Region and Race/Ethnicity,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 11 (2018), doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112589.
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demographics are beginning to shift: Dayna Evans, “ ‘I’ve Just Spent $14,000 on One Egg’: Five People on Their Egg Freezing Experience,” Buzzfeed News, January 26, 2023, buzzfeednews.com/article/daynaevans/egg-freezing-stories-what-to-expect.
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roughly 35 percent: Alisha Haridasani Gupta and Dani Blum, “Hope, Regret, Uncertainty: 7 Women on Freezing Their Eggs,” New York Times, December 28, 2022, nytimes.com/2022/12/23/well/family/egg-freezing-fertility.html.
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more than 80 percent: Marcia Inhorn, Daphna Birenbaum-Carmeli, Ruoxi Yu, and Pasquale Patrizio, “Egg Freezing at the End of Romance: A Technology of Hope, Despair, and Repair,” Science, Technology, & Human Values 47, no. 1 (2021), doi.org/10.1177/0162243921995892.
