filmed exploration by, xiii

fishing industry, 82–86, 94–97, 99–100, 102–8

future of, 86–87, 108

intelligence lives of, 97–100

as orca food source, 111

population comebacks, 93–97

population of, 79–81

in prehistoric seas, 15, 25–26

protections for, 82, 99–102, 104–8

remixing seas an, 35–36, 37

reproduction cycle, 87–89

Silent Spring (Carson), 112

skates, 87–88, 101

Slat, Boylan, 233

Smith, C. Lavett “Smitty,” 132

Smith, Lauren, 101

snails, 15, 31–32, 165

sodium, 257

solutions. See future ocean solutions

South Africa, 92–93

Southern Ocean. See also Antarctica

krill of, 70–76, 71n, 145, 234–35

penguins feeding ground, 56–57

in prehistoric era, 21, 23–24

temperature of, 55

whales of, 145

South Pole, 61, 61n

spillover effects, of conservation efforts, 156–59, 157n

spinefoot, 173

spiny dogfish, 37

spiny-rayed fishes, 24–25

sport fishing, 138, 144–45

squid, 36, 37, 113

starfish (sea stars), 89–90, 178, 178n, 186–90, 186n

State Bank of India, 259

Steller, Georg Wilhelm, 22

Steller’s sea cows, 22, 185–86

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 117–18

stony corals, 24. See also coral reefs

Suez Canal, 41–42, 41n, 45

sunflower sea stars, 186–90, 186n

Sunken Seaweed, 245–46

supercontinents, 9, 10, 14

sustainable fishing. See fishing and farming

Tahlequah (orca), 125–26

Tethys Ocean, 20, 21

tetrapods, 12, 19–20

thalattosaurs, 14

thistledown effect, 157, 157n

3M, 117