sea fan corals, 160–61

seagrass meadows

carbon sequestering by, 161, 194, 227n

conservation efforts, 151n, 152

discovery of, xiii

in prehistoric seas, 22

restoration efforts, 93, 179–80, 192–94, 200

Sargassum seaweed proliferation and, 191

SeaGrown, 245–46

seahorses, 25

sea lions, xiv, 23, 23n, 113–14, 175, 187

seals

chemical pollution and, 113–14, 119

food sources, 71–72

habitats of, 51

as orca food source, 111

in prehistoric seas, 23, 23n

recovering populations of, 134–35, 135n

shark attacks on, 92

sleeping habits of, xiiin, xiii, 135, 135n

sea otters

chemical pollution and, 116

eelgrass meadows and, 179–80

fur trade exploitation of, 175–76, 178

habitat of, 174–75

kelp forests and, 177–78, 184–86

in prehistoric seas, 22, 23

rewilding efforts, 176–77, 178–79, 184–86

sea turtles, 13–14, 16, 191, 234

sea urchins, 177–78, 177n, 178n, 180–86, 188, 196

sea walnuts, 35

Seaweed Generation (company), 192

seaweeds

biodiversity and, 172–73

conservation efforts, 147–48, 150–54, 151n

diversity of, 147, 150–51, 169–70, 169n, 190

farming, 244–46

kelp regrowth efforts, 169–86 (See also kelp forests)

run-off fertilizer and overgrowth of, 171

Sargassum proliferation, 190–92

SeaWorld, 124

Selinger, Emily, 245

sewage runoff, 38, 151, 171, 191–92, 197

shark fins, 104–8

Shark Fins Act (UK), 104

Sharkipedia, 107

sharks

breath-holding by, xiii

coral reefs and, 229

ecosystem impact of, 89–92