PCBs, 109–15, 111n, 112n, 117–19, 121, 125, 278n109
in plastics, 111, 120–21
Cherry-Garrard, Apsley “Cherry,” 60–61
Chesapeake Bay, 91, 193
Chinook salmon, 122
chinstrap penguins, 24, 73–74, 76
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), 104–7, 140–41
Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), 162–64
Clark, Eugenie, 97–98
coastlines, future solutions for, 161, 227, 231–33, 232n, 237–40
cobalt, 257
commercial fishing. See fishing and farming; fishing industry
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resource, 75
Community of Arran Seabed Trust (COAST), 150–52
Confederated Tribes of the Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians, 185
conodonts, 11
conservation efforts, 147–67
coral reefs, 151n, 154–55, 160–61, 162–63, 216–19
future directions for, 159–61, 165–67
guarding measures, 165–67
local resistance to, 161–62
mixed protection zones, 153–55, 162–67
no-take zones, 147–53, 161–62, 165, 183–84
pre-emptive, 155–56, 159–60
for resiliency and regeneration, 160–62
spillover effects, 156–59, 157n
terminology, 153
tracking measures as, 159–60
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), 104–7, 140–41
copepods, 120, 160
coral reefs, 201–30
adaptations of, 210–11, 218–19, 222–23
background, 201–2
biobanking and cryopreservation of, 224–25
biodiversity and, 205–6
bleaching and decline of, 202–4, 206–11, 229
conservation efforts, 151n, 154–55, 160–61, 162–63, 216–19
lionfish habitat, 30–31, 40, 42–43
mesophotic zone reefs, 211–17
Nassau grouper habitat, 131–34
