Antarctica, 55–78
chemical pollution and, 115
climate change winners and losers, 76–78
conservation efforts, 155–56, 158
discovery of, 59
krill of, 70–76, 71n, 121, 155–56, 234–35
mining operations and, 164–65
octopuses of, 67–68
orcas of, 110–11
ozone layer over, 242
penguins of, 24, 24n, 56–66, 73–74, 75–76
in prehistoric era, 9, 18, 19, 20–21, 23–24
seasons of, 55
shrinking sea ice, 62–68, 73
Antarctic Treaty, 156
Anthropocene era
about, 26–27
as extinction event, 27–29
models of future change in, 47–48
Anthropocene Working Group, 26–27
Aotearoa
conservation efforts by, 148–50, 157, 183–84
in prehistoric era, 23–24, 23n
traditional foods of, 181
Arctic Ocean ecosystem, 48–52, 116, 118
Arran, Isle of, 147–53
assisted (experimental) evolution, 220–22
Atlantic Ocean
conservation efforts in, 155, 166–67
deep-sea mining in, 164
lionfish of, 40–43, 44–45
mining and, 164
octopuses of, 261–64
orcas of, 126–27
in prehistoric era, 14, 19, 20
seabirds of, ix–x
seaweeds of, 191–92
sharks of, 84, 85, 94, 102, 107–8
sustainable ocean farming in, 244–45
tuna of, 126, 136, 138–45
