shark populations and, 82–86, 94–97, 99–100, 102–8

subsidies, 247–48

tracking of, 84–85, 85n, 100

flapper skates, 101

floating cities, 231–32, 232n

Florida rosy wolfsnail, 31–32

flying squid, 37

forests. See also seagrass meadows

background, 168–69

carbon sequestering by, 227n

future restoration directions, 200

of kelp, 168–86, 196–200 (See also kelp forests)

of mangroves, 161, 194–96, 227, 227n, 239

of Sargassum, 190–92, 190n

“forever chemicals,” 115–17, 115n

fossil fuel corporations, 259

France

conservation efforts by, 164, 166, 227–28

octopuses and, 261–64

plastic pollution and, 240, 241

Freya (walrus), 43

future ocean solutions

for coastlines, 161, 227, 231–33, 232n, 237–40

deep-sea research and mining, 235–36, 251–57

for fishing industry, 131–46, 234–35, 244–51 (See also fishing and farming)

optimism and pessimism balance, xiii–xvii

overview, xviii–xix, 231–37

personal responsibility, 257–60

pollution clean-up, 233–34, 240–44

resources, 269–70

gannets, ix–xi, xiii–xiv

gene editing, 222–23, 223n

General Electric, 117–18

gentoo penguins, 24, 75–76

German Deutsche Bank, 259

giant African land snails, 31–32

giant humphead wrasse, 216

Gigantopelta snails, 165

golden kelp, 169, 172–73, 244

Google, 255

graptolites, 3–4

Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt, 191–92

Great Barrier Reef, 153, 208, 210, 215, 224–25, 228

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, 153

great hammerhead sharks, 82, 105, 107

Great Southern Reef, 172–73, 198

great white shark

endangered status of, 80–81, 82, 105

fishing industry and, 85

genetics of, 98