9 October

Richard departs the Holy Land.

1193

4 March

Saladin dies.

1194

Unification of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Sicily under Henry VI of Hohenstaufen;

Death of Guy de Lusignan; his brother Aimery becomes lord of Cyprus.

1196

April

Isaac II deposed; Alexius III becomes emperor of Constantinople;

18 May September

Aimery de Lusignan does homage to the Holy Roman Emperor; Cyprus becomes a kingdom, with Aimery its first king.

1197

September

‘German Crusade’ arrives in Outremer;

October

Sultan al-Adil assaults Acre unsuccessfully; Jaffa falls to al-Adil;

October

Death of Henri de Champagne; Germans recapture Beirut for the Franks;

December

Marriage of Aimery de Lusignan to Isabella of Jerusalem.

1198

July

King Aimery signs a six-year truce with al-Adil;

Pope Innocent III calls for another crusade;

German Hospital of St Mary in Acre transformed into a military order, the Deutsche Orden or Teutonic Knights.

1199

6 April

Richard I dies of wounds in France; succeeded by his brother John as king of England.

1200

Sultan al-Adil, Saladin’s brother, wins the succession struggles that have been ongoing since Saladin’s death; becomes sultan of Syria and Egypt.

1202

Crusaders, unable to pay Venice for transport already built, are persuaded to become Venetian mercenaries and attack Zara.

1203

Mercenary army (former crusaders) and Venetian fleet successfully restore Alexius IV to the Byzantine throne.