13. Marriage of Guy de Lusignan and Sibylla of Jerusalem. Anonymous, 13th century. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
14. King Richard and Queen Berengaria of England on Crusade. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
15. Marriage of Queen Isabella and Conrad de Montferrat. Anonymous, 13th century. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
16. Coronation of John de Brienne and Maria de Montferrat. Anonymous, 13th century. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
17. Woman Painter. 15th century illustration from Giovanni Boccaccio’s De Mulieribus Claris. In the collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
18. Illumination from Hildegard’s Scivias (1151) showing her receiving a vision and dictating to teacher Volmar. Unknown author. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
19. Women as warriors helping to defend the city from attack. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
20. Woman reading and teaching. A 15th century illustration from Giovanni Boccaccio’s De Mulieribus Claris. In the collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
21. Another woman artist. Artist in her Atelier. Le Livre des cléres et nobles femmes, Spencer Collection MS. 33, f. 37v, French, c.1470. Anonymous. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
22. Knight pays Homage to his Lady. Taken from The Codex Manesse, a Liederhandschrift (manuscript containing songs), written and illustrated between c.1304 and c.1340. (Public domain image, via Wikimedia Commons)
Chronology
Year
Month
Event
ca. 33
Passover
Jesus of Nazareth crucified in Jerusalem; start of Christian veneration of the sites of his crucifixion and burial in Jerusalem.
70
Destruction of the Second Temple.
135–136
Expulsion of the Jewish and Christian population from Jerusalem; Jerusalem renamed Aelia Capitolina and paganised; a temple to Venus is built on the site of the crucifixion and resurrection.
326
Empress Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, finds what is believed to be the tomb of Christ.
335
Construction of a great basilica to mark the site of Christ’s tomb begins; this church is henceforth known as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
613
Muhammed begins teaching his new religion in Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula.
614
A Persian army besieges Jerusalem, which falls after twenty-one days; slaughter of 26,500 Christians and enslavement of ca. 35,000 more; Church of the Holy Sepulchre utterly destroyed.
629
Emperor Herakleios regains control of Jerusalem; resettlement and reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre begins; Muhammed, after defeating his enemies in armed conflict, returns on 11 December with his army from Medina where he was in exile.
632
June
