10. Julie Scott Meisami, The Sea of Precious Virtues (Bahr al-Fava’id): A Medieval Islamic Mirror for Princes (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1990), 232; quoted in Niall Christie, Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity’s Wars in the Middle East, 1095–1382, From the Islamic Sources, (London: Routledge, 2014), 77–78.
11. Niall Christie, ‘An Illusion of Ignorance? The Muslims of the Middle East and the Franks before the Crusades’, in The Crusader World, ed. Adrian Boas (London: Routledge, 2016), 312.
12. Sylvia Schein, ‘Women in Medieval Colonial Society: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Twelfth Century,’ in Gendering the Crusades, eds. Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001), 140.
13. Sarah Lambert, ‘Crusading or Spinning’, in Gendering the Crusades, eds. Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001), 11.
14. The myth of Muslim tolerance is so widespread and popular that rebutting it requires explanations and documentation that exceed the parameters of this book. For a comprehensive overview of the status and conditions for Jews and Christians under Islamic rule in the Holy Land and recommendations for further reading, see Helena P. Schrader, The Holy Land in the Era of the Crusades: Kingdoms at the Crossroads of Civilizations (Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword, 2022). Another excellent book based on Arab, Syriac, Coptic, Turkish and Armenian sources is Bat Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude (Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996). For the situation in Spain, see Dario Fernandez-Morera, The Myth of the Andalusian Paradise: Muslims, Christians, and Jews under Islamic Rule in Medieval Spain (Wilmington: ISI Books, 2017).
15. Thomas F. Madden, The Concise History of the Crusades, (Washington, DC: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014), 10.
16. Sabine Geldsetzer, Frauen auf Kreuzzuegen, 1096–1291, (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2003), 12–13.
17. The large pockets of Muslim settlers that later made up a sizable minority population in the Kingdom of Jerusalem were located along the coast and around Nablus, which did not come under crusader control for several years.
18. Byzantine princess, Anna Comnena, noted in her twelfth-century history that much of the region had been reduced to uninhabited desert. For more details on depopulation under Arab rule, see Ye’or, The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam.
19. See note 1, Hamilton, ‘Women in the Crusader States’, 150.
20. William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, Volume 2, trans. Emily Atwater Babcock and A.C. Krey (London: Octagon Books: 1976), 76.
21. Hamilton, ‘Women in the Crusader States’, 161
22. Amalaric’s Egyptian policy is described in considerable depth in Helena P. Schrader, The Holy Land in the Era of the Crusades.
23. Baldwin d’Ibelin had inherited the Barony of Ramla and Mirabel through his mother and the Barony of Ibelin from his elder brother Hugh, the husband of Agnes de Courtenay, who had died childless. About the same time as his younger brother’s marriage to the Dowager Queen Maria Comnena, Baldwin appears to have given the smaller and less important paternal barony to his younger brother, Balian. The details are unknown, but Baldwin is consistently referred to as ‘Ramla’ and Balian as ‘Ibelin’ or ‘Nablus’.
24. John France, ‘Crusading Warfare in the Twelfth Century’, in The Crusader World, edited by Adrian Boas (London: Routledge: 2016), 77.
25. Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, trans. Helen Nicholson (Farnham: Ashgate: 1997), 123.
26. Itinerarium, 124.
27. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, trans. Peter Edbury (Farnham: Ashgate, 1998), 95–96.
28. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade, 115.
29. Itinerarium, 312.
30. Itinerarium, 313.
31. Angel Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel and Chris Schabel, eds. ‘Economy,’ in Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191–1374 (London: Brill, 2005), 113.
32. Bernard Hamilton, ‘Queen Alice of Cyprus’, in The Crusader World, ed. Adrian Boas (London: Routledge: 2016), 229.
33. Philip de Novare, The Wars of Frederick II against the Ibelins in Syria and Cyprus, trans. John La Monte (New York: Columbia University Press: 1936), 63.
34. Chronique de Terre Sainte quoted by Hamilton, ‘Queen Alice of Cyprus’, in The Crusader World, 231.
35. Christopher Tyerman, The World of the Crusades: An Illustrated History, (New Haven: Yale University Press: 2019), 238.
36. Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi, trans. Helen Nicholson (Farnham: Ashgate, 1997), 48.
37. Constance Rousseau, ‘Home Front and Battlefield: The Gendering of Papal Crusading Policy (1095–1221)’, in Gendering the Crusades, eds. Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert (Cardiff, University of Wales, 2001), 39.
38. Michael the Great or Michael the Syrian, Patriarch of the Syriac or Jacobite Church 1166–1199, quoted in Christopher MacEvitt, The Crusades and the Christian World of the East: Rough Tolerance, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), 25.
39. Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095–1127, trans. F.R. Ryan (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969), 238.
40. Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 238.
41. Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 239.
42. Ibid.
43. Peter W. Edbury. Law and History in the Latin East, (Farnham: Ashgate, 2014), V, 285.
44. Natasha R. Hodgson, Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative, (Woodbridge, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2007), 723. Hodgson cites Philip de Novare as her source.
45. William Miller, The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566) (Boston: Dutton and Company, 1908), 116.
46. Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, Volume 2, 401.
47. Edbury, Law and History in the Latin East, V,287.
48. Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, Volume 2, 213.
49. Ibid.
