20.D. Sull et al., “Measuring Culture.”
21.“Guide: Understand Team Effectiveness,” on Google’s website, accessed February 12, 2023, at https://rework.withgoogle.com/print/guides/5721312655835136/.
22.This example draws on the “Guide: Understand Team Effectiveness”; Charles Duhigg, “What Google Learned from Its Quest to Build the Perfect Team,” New York Times Magazine, February 25, 2016, and Charles Duhigg, Smarter, Faster, Better: The Secrets of Being Productive (London: Random House Books, 2016), 42–46.
23.Amy Edmondson, “Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 2 (June 1999), 350–383, https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999.
24.Amy Edmondson, “How Fearless Organizations Succeed,” Strategy + Business, November 14, 2018, https://www.strategy-business.com /article/How-Fearless-Organizations-Succeed.
25.Edmondson, “Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams,” 356.
26.Collins, Good to Great and the Social Sectors, 13.
27.Peter Cappelli, “Your Approach to Hiring Is All Wrong,” Harvard Business Review, May–June 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/05/your-approach-to-hiring-is-all-wrong.
28.Lazlo Block, “Here’s Google’s Secret to Hiring the Best People,” Wired, April 7, 2015, https://wired.com/2015/04/hire-like-google/.
29.Shawn Achor, Andrew Reece, Gabriella Rosen Kellerman, and Alexi Robichaux, “9 Out of 10 People Are Willing to Earn Less Money to Do More-Meaningful Work,” Harvard Business Review, November 6, 2018, hbr.org/2018/11/9-out-of-10-people-are-willing-to-earn-less-money-to-do-more-meaningful-work.
30.Edward Deci, “Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation,” 1971, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105–115; see also Delia O’Hara, “The Intrinsic Motivation of Richard Ryan and Edward Deci,” American Psychological Association website, December 18, 2017, https://www.apa.org/members/content/intrinsic-motivation.
31.Courtney E. Ackerman, “Self Determination Theory and How It Explains Motivation,” PositivePsychology.com, June 21, 2018, https://positivepsychology.com/self-determination-theory/; see also Susan Fowler, “What Maslow’s Hierarchy Won’t Tell You About Motivation,” Harvard Business Review, November 26, 2014, https://hbr.org/2014/11/what-maslows-hierarchy-wont-tell-you-about-motivation. Sometimes the theory is reframed as “autonomy, mastery and purpose,” e.g., Daniel Pink, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us (London: Canongate Books, 2011).
CHAPTER 6: DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND INCLUSION
1.Audre Lorde was an American writer, poet, feminist, and activist. This quote is from a collection of her writings published in her book Sister Outsider (Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press, 1984).
2.“A Brief Primer on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion for Nonprofits,” Mission Met website, https://www.missionmet.com/blog/a-brief-primer-on-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-for-nonprofits.
3.Asif Shaikh, interview with author, December 13, 2022.
4.Tina Vásquez, “Guttmacher Institute Staff Say a ‘Toxic’ Work Culture Has the Reproductive Rights Research Giant in a ‘Death Spiral,’” Prism, December 6, 2021, https://prismreports.org/2021/12/06/guttmacher-institute-staff-say-a-toxic-work-culture-has-the-reproductive-rights-research-giant-in-a-death-spiral/; see also Ryan Grim, “Elephant in the Zoom: Meltdowns Have Brought Progressive Advocacy Groups to a Standstill at a Critical Moment in World History,” Intercept, June 13, 2022, theintercept.com/2022/06/13/progressive-organizing-infighting-callout-culture/.
5.Colleen Flaherty, “Who’s Doing the Heavy Lifting in Terms of Diversity and Inclusion Work?” Inside Higher Ed, June 3, 2019, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/06/04/whos-doing-heavy-lifting-terms-diversity-and-inclusion-work; Holly Corbett, “The New Unpaid Office Housework for Women: Being DEI Leaders,” Forbes, September 28, 2021, https://www.forbes.com/sites/hollycorbett/2021/09/28/the-new-unpaid-office-housework-for-women-being-dei-leaders/?sh=4cc027db56e8; and Jennifer Miller, “Their Bosses Asked Them to Lead Diversity Reviews. Guess Why,” New York Times, October 12, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/12/business/corporate-diversity-black-employees.html.
6.Grim, “Elephant in the Zoom.”
CHAPTER 7: THE BOARD
1.Anne Wallestad is the former CEO of BoardSource, a globally recognized nonprofit focused on strengthening nonprofit board leadership. This quote is from her article “The Four Principles of Purpose-Driven Board Leadership,” Stanford Social Innovation Review, March 10, 2021, https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_four_principles_of_purpose_driven_board_leadership.
2.“History,” International Crisis Group website, accessed May 10, 2023, https://www.crisisgroup.org/who-we-are/history.
3.Patrick Dunne, Boards: A Practical Perspective, 2nd ed. (London: Governance Publishing & Information Services Ltd., 2021), 6.
4.Barbara E. Taylor, Richard P. Chait, and Thomas P. Holland, “The New Work of the Nonprofit Board,” Harvard Business Review, September–October 1996, https://hbr.org/1996/09/the-new-work-of-the-nonprofit-board.
5.Julie Bosman, Matt Stevens, and Jonah Engel Bromwich, “Humane Society C.E.O. Resigns Amid Sexual Harassment Allegations,” New York Times, February 2, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/02/us/humane-society-ceo-sexual-harassment-.html.
6.Ian Kullgren, “Female Employees Allege Culture of Sexual Harassment at Humane Society,” Politico, January 30, 2018, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/30/humane-society-sexual-harassment-allegations-investigation-216553.
7.Marc Gunther, “Accountability? Not at the Humane Society of the US,” Nonprofit Chronicles, https://nonprofitchronicles.com/2019/03/18/accountability-not-at-the-humane-society-of-the-us/. (Press release quoted from article, as the release is no longer available on Humane Society website.)
PARTNERS: MOBILIZE EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS
1.Helen Keller was an American advocate and activist for the blind. This quote is referred to in the book by Joseph P. Lash, Helen and Teacher: The Story of Helen Keller and Anne Sullivan Macy (Arlington, VA: American Foundation for the Blind, 1981), among other sources.
2.The first Global Slavery Index was published by Walk Free in 2013. The most recent edition was published in May 2023. See Global Slavery Index, Walk Free website, accessed May 31, 2023, https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/.
CHAPTER 8: THE PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES YOU SERVE
1.This quote is from Dr. Martin Luther King’s sermon “Three Dimensions of a Complete Life,” published in the 1963 collection of his works Strength to Love (Boston: Beacon Press, 1963).
2.“Statement of Nadia Murad Basee Taha to the United Nations Security Council,” Freedom Fund website, December 18, 2015, www.freedomfund.org/blog/5380/.
3.Vibhuti Ramachandran, “Critical Reflections on Raid and Rescue Operations in New Delhi,” Open Democracy, November 25, 2017, www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/critical-reflections-on-raid-and-rescue-operations-in-new-delhi/.
4.Kimberly Waters, “Beyond ‘Raid and Rescue’: Time to Acknowledge the Damage Being Done,” openDemocracy, November 27, 2017, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/beyond-trafficking-and-slavery/beyond-raid-and-rescue-time-to-acknowledge-damage-being-done/.
5.Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah, “Oxfam Failed Horribly on Abuse. But I Pledge to Deliver Radical Change,” Guardian, June 14, 2019, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jun/14/oxfam-abuse-power-safeguarding.
6.Sophie Otiende, email to author, November 15, 2022.
7.Sophie Otiende, email to author, November 15, 2022.
8.“Advocacy: About Habitat’s Advocacy Efforts,” Habitat for Humanity website, accessed February 11, 2023, https://www.habitat.org/about/advocacy.
9.“Policy and Advocacy,” March of Dimes website, accessed February 11, 2023, /www.marchofdimes.org/our-work/policy-advocacy.
