107. quo…loco: where.
108. distantia locis: standing apart in their locations = separated.
ut et:as also, just as.
110. addita: sc. est, was added, i.e., to his other condemnatory remarks. Sextus Tarquinius (son of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh king of Rome) had raped Lucretia, the wife of Tarquinius Collatinus, a trusting fellow army officer. Then, when she had called upon Collatinus, Lucius Junius Brutus, and others to swear vengeance against Sextus, Lucretia committed suicide and was buried at Collatia. Vowing the ouster of Superbus (“the Arrogant”) and his family, Brutus hurried to Rome and delivered to an assembly in the Forum an intense oration, which Livy here recounts, about the fate of Lucretia and the crimes of Superbus.
112. regi: DAT. OF SEPARATION.
abrogaret: abrogare,to repeal, abrogate, take away.
113. coniuge: coniunx, wife.
ultro: adv., to the farther side, beyond, voluntarily.
114. concitandum: concitare, to stir up, excite.
115. Ardeam: Ardea, a town in Latium which Tarquinius Superbus was besieging at the time.
116. Lucretio: Lucretius, father of the dead Lucretia.
praefecto: praefectus,overseer, commander, prefect.
117. re nova: a new thing politically is a revolution.
118. pergeret: pergere, to go on, keep on, continue, proceed.
119. obvius fieret: become in the way = meet.
121. clausae…indictum: sc. sunt and est.
122. inde: i.e., ex castris.
125. regnatum: sc. est; impers. pass., it was ruled = kings ruled. ad liberatam: sc. urbem, to the liberation of….
The dead are buried and the Albans accept Roman rule.
Romani ovantes ac gratulantes Horatium accipiunt, eo maiore cum gaudio quo prope metum res fuerat. Ad sepulturam 105 inde suorum nequaquam paribus animis vertuntur, quippe imperio alteri aucti, alteri dicionis alienae facti. Sepulcra exstant quo quisque loco cecidit, duo Romana uno loco propius Albam, tria Albana Romam versus, sed distantia locis, ut et pugnatum est. (I.24.1–25.14, excerpts)
The End of the Kingdom and the Beginning of the Republic
The last of the Etruscan Tarquins are expelled from Rome.
110 Addita superbia ipsius regis miseriaeque et labores plebis. His atrocioribusque aliis memoratis, incensam multitudinem perpulit ut imperium regi abrogaret exsulesque esse iuberet L. Tarquinium cum coniuge ac liberis. Ipse, iunioribus qui ultro nomina dabant lectis armatisque, ad concitandum inde 115 adversus regem exercitum Ardeam in castra est profectus. Imperium in urbe Lucretio, praefecto urbis iam ante ab rege instituto, re-linquit. Harum rerum nuntiis in castra perlatis, cum re nova trepidus rex pergeret Romam ad comprimendos motus, flexit viam Brutus (senserat enim adventum) ne obvius fieret; 120 eodemque fere tempore diversis itineribus Brutus Ardeam, Tarquinius Romam venerunt. Tarquinio clausae portae exsiliumque indictum; liberatorem urbis laeta castra accepere, exactique inde liberi regis.
In place of a king, two consuls are appointed, Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus.
L. Tarquinius Superbus regnavit annos quinque et viginti. 125 Regnatum Romae ab condita urbe ad liberatam annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor. Duo consules inde comitiis centuriatis a praefecto urbis ex commentariis Servi Tulli creati sunt: L. Iunius Brutus et L. Tarquinius Collatinus. (I.59.9–60.4, excerpts)
126. consules: an anachronism, as the two chief republican magistrates were originally called “praetors.”
comitiis centuriatis: the comitia centuriata, regularly pl. as here, was one of a number of Roman assemblies of the people.
127. ex commentariis: according to the regulations; according to tradition, Servius Tullius, the sixth Roman king, had created the centuriate assembly and a number of new political procedures.
129. nescio an: I am unsure whether (strictly speaking, an introduces the second part of a double question utrum…an).
nimis: with muniendo.
undique: adv., from or on all sides, everywhere.
eam: sc. libertatem, i.e., the Romans’ newly gained liberty.
minimis…rebus:in the most trivial details, as indicated in the following episode.
130. modum excesserint: sc. Romani; Livy wonders whether the Romans may have gone too far in their efforts at protecting their freedom from tyranny.
alterius: i.e., one of the two.
nihil aliud offenderit (131): i.e., he gave no other offense.
nomen: i.e., Tarquinius.
132. adsuesse: = adsuevisse; this and the following infs. are part of an understood IND. STATE. giving the people’s reasons for invisum, i.e., (people said that) the Tarquins had been too accustomed, etc.
penes: prep. + acc., in the possession of.
