5. Donald Rayi eld, Stalin and His Hangmen: h e Tyrant and h ose Who Killed for Him (New York: Random House, 2005), 67.
6. Igor Minutko, Iskushenie uchitelia [Master’s Temptation] (Moscow: AST
Press, 2005), 109–12.
7. Andreev, Vremya Shambaly, 76 (see preface, n. 8).
8. “Protokol doprosa A. V. Barchenko, sledovatel’ Ali Kutebarov” [Minutes of Interrogation of A. V. Barchenko, Interrogator Ali Kutebarov], in Oleg Shishkin, Bitva za Gimalaii, 353 (see preface, n. 10).
9. Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, “Missia Indii v Evrope” [Mission of India in Europe], in Mezhdu Shambaloi i Agarthoi: orakuly velikoi tainy [Between Shambhala and Agartha: Oracles of Great Mystery], ed. Alexandre Andreev and Oleg Shishkin (Moscow: Eksmo-Iauza, 2005), 59–60.
10. Adolph Erman, Travels in Siberia (London: Longman, 1848), 2:38.
11. Eduard Kudriavtsev, “Novoe ob okkultiste strany Sovetov,” [New Materials about a Soviet Occultist] Neva 12 (2006): 280–81.
12. “Protokol doprosa A. V. Barchenko,” 354.
13. Ibid., 370–71.
14. Anna Viroubova, Memories of the Russian Court (New York: Macmillan, 1923), 358.
15. Vladimir Bekhterev, Collective Rel exology (New Brunswick, NJ: Transac-tion Publishers, 2001).
16. Mikhail Agursky, “An Occult Source of Socialist Realism: Gorky and h eories of h ought Transference,” in h e Occult in Russian and Soviet Culture, 242
N O T E S
ed. Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 258–59, 263.
17. Current science explains the origin of arctic hysteria by a vitamin D de-i ciency in the bodies of native northerners, who are exposed to lengthy dark winter months; exposure to sunshine, on the contrary, stores vitamin D in human bodies.
18. Andreev, Vremya Shambaly, 93–94 (see preface, n. 8).
19. Ibid., 111.
20. “Protokol doprosa A. V. Barchenko,” 364–65.
21. Turar Ryskulov to Dmitrii Manuil’sky and Grigory Voitinsky, November 1927, RASPH, f. 495, op. 154, d. 24, p. 14.
22. Andreev, Vremya Shambaly, 155 (see preface, n. 8).
23. Alexander Barchenko to Gombojab Tsibikov, May 24, 1927, in Shishkin, Bitva za Gimalaii, 323–24 (see preface, n. 10).
24. Ibid., 319.
25. Ibid., 337, 347.
26. Felix Dzerzhinsky (1877–1926) was a close comrade of Lenin, the creator and i rst head of the Bolshevik secret police, who simultaneously supervised the development of the Soviet economy.
27. Shishkin, Bitva za Gimalaii, 127–29 (see preface, n. 10).
Chapter Four
1. Tatiana Alekseeva and N. Matveev, Dovereno zashchishchat revoliutsiiu [Entrusted to Defend Revolution] (Moscow: Politizdat, 1987), 17.
2. Ibid., 59.
3. Tatiana Grekova, Tibetskii lekar’ kremlevskikh vozhdei [Tibetan Healer of Kremlin Chiefs] (St. Petersburg and Moscow: Neva and Olma-Press, 2002), 188.
4. Georges Agabekov, OGPU: h e Russian Secret Terror (New York: Brentano’s, 1931), 264.
5. Christopher Andrew and Vasilii Mitrokhin, h e Sword and the Shield: h e Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB (New York: Basic Books, 1999), 26; I. S. Rat’kovskii, Krasnii terror i deiatel’nost’ VChK v 1918
g. [Red Terror and Cheka Activities in 1918] (St. Petersburg: iz-vo St. Petersburgskogo universiteta, 2006), 185.
243
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6. Particularly, Bokii suggested that a concentration camp be set up for class enemies on the Solovki islands in the northernmost part of Russia. It is symbolic that the steamboat that sailed between these islands and the mainland carried his name. It is also notable that the camp was established on premises coni scated from a Russian Orthodox monastery. In a switch to the secular religion of Communism, Christian icons on the monastery walls were replaced with portraits of Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky, and quotes from the Bible with slogans of the Communist Party. Letters from Russian Prisons, ed. Alexander Berkman (Westport, CT: Hyperion, 1977), 189.
7. Baberowski, Der Rote Terror, 38 (see chapter 3, n. 4).
8. McCauley, Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union, 56 (see chap. 3, n. 4).
9. “Iz protokola doprosa G. I. Bokia, May 17–18, 1937,” in Andreev, Vremya Shambaly, 209 (see preface, n. 8).
10. Ibid., 210.
