28. Petrosian, “O buddiiskikh raionakh [1928],” 59 (see chapter 5, n. 12).
29. Andreyev, Soviet Russia and Tibet, 259 (see preface, n. 8).
30. C. R. Bawden, Modern History of Mongolia (New York: Preager, 1968), 262–63.
31. Andreyev, Soviet Russia and Tibet, 278 (see preface, n. 8).
32. Khutagt, Memoirs and Autobiography, 132.
33. Andreyev, Soviet Russia and Tibet, 281 (see preface, n. 8).
Chapter Seven
1. Sarkozi, Political Prophecies in Mongolia, 66 (see chap. 2, n. 10).
2. Robert C. Williams, Russian Art and American Money, 1900–1940 (Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980), 116.
3. Alexandre Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo: teosofskii mif i ego tvortsy [Himalayan Brotherhood: h
eosophical Myth and People Who Created It] (St.
Petersburg: iz-vo St. Petersburgskogo universiteta, 2008), 146.
4. Zinaida Fosdick, Moi uchitelia: vstrechi s Rerikhami (po stranitsam dnevnika, 1922–1934) [My Teachers: Meetings with the Roeriches (Pages from the 1922-1934 Journal)] (Moscow: Sfera, 1998), 114, 188, 320–21; Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo, 395–96.
5. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 87.
6. Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo, 138.
7. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 117, 119, 122, 123.
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8. Helena Roerich (Rerikh), Pis’ma [Letters], vol. 1 (1919–1933) (Moscow: MTR, 1999), 20.
9. Rosov, Nikolai Rerikh vestnik Zvenigoroda, vol. 1: 71 (see preface, n. 9).
10. Nicholas Roerich, Shambhala (New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1930), 11.
11. Nicholas Roerich became Fuiama; Helena, Urusvati; George and Svetoslav Roerich, Udraia and Liumou; Morris Lichtmann, Avirakh; Sina Lichtmann, Radna; her sister Esther Lichtmann, Oiana; Louis Horch, Logvan; his wife Netty, Poruma; George Grebenstchikof , Turukhan; and Frances Grant, Modra. All these names were derived from legendary and mythological Hindu and Buddhist characters. Henry Wallace, who joined the group in 1933 and became a trusted friend, was the only one in this group without a Hindu-Buddhist name; the politician was named Galahad at er the seeker of the legendary Holy Grail.
12. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 105.
13. Nicholas Roerich, Altai-Himalaya: A Travel Diary (London: Jarrolds, 1929), 15.
14. Nicholas Roerich, Shambhala, 47, 5, 61.
15. Nikolai Kordashevsky (Dekroa), Tibetskie stranstviia polkovnika Korda-shevskogo [Tibetan Wanderings of Colonel Kordashevsky] (St. Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 1999), 80.
16. Helena Roerich, Vysokii put’ , vol. 1: 45, 51, 65 (see preface, n. 7).
17. Ibid., 85–86, 95, 124, 154.
18. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 202.
19. Helena Roerich, Pis’ma, 38.
20. Roerich’s friend the White émigré writer General Peter Krasnov might be another possible source of the Great Plan. In his novel Beyond h istle (1922), he wrote that Russia’s revival would come from Tibet.
21. Helena Roerich, Vysokii put’, 154.
22. Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo, 241.
23. M. Dubaev, Kharbinskaia taina Rerikha [Roerich’s Harbin Mystery] (Moscow: Sfera, 2001), 211.
24. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 197.
25. Depending on context, the Tibetan word dorje could mean “hard,” “arrow,”
or “lightining.”
26. Nicholas Roerich, Altai-Himalaya, 14.
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