Permian extinction event, 10
persistent organic pollutants, 112, 112n
Philippines, 195
phytoplankton, xvii, 18, 38, 112–13, 120, 171
pilot whales, 51
pinnipeds, 23
plastic pollution, xii–xiii, 111, 119–21, 216, 233–34, 240–42, 258–59
plesiosaurs, 12–13, 16
polar bears, 23, 113, 116
polar cod, 50–51
pollution
chemical, 109–19, 111n–12n, 115n, 120–21, 125, 241–44, 278n109
noise, 122–23, 163, 164
personal responsibility, 258–59
plastics, xii–xiii, 111, 119–21, 216, 233–34, 240–42, 258–59
sewage runoff, 38, 151, 171, 191–92, 197
solutions, 233–34, 240–44
polyfluoroalkyl “forever chemicals,” 115–17, 115n
porpoises, 21, 113–14, 119
prairies. See seagrass meadows
prehistoric life
bluefin tunas of, 136–37
Cenozoic era, 5, 17–18, 17n, 19–24
circulation of oceans, 19, 21, 22
coral reefs of, 24–26
global warming period of, 18
mammals of, 20–24
mass extinctions and radiations, 10–11, 10n, 16–18, 27–29
Mesozoic era, 5, 11–17
Palaeozoic era, 5–12, 10n
prey-predator evolution during, 14–16
reptiles of, 12–19
supercontinents, 9, 10, 14
trilobites of, 5–8, 9, 10–11
vertebraes leaving for land, 11–12
Provanna snails, 165
puffadder shyshark, 86–87
pufferfish, 45
purse-seine fisheries, 138–39
rabbitfish, 173
