April
Cut off from supplies and trying to retreat, crusading army disintegrates; Louis himself is taken captive along with the survivors of his host;
2 May
Mamluks murder the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt and seize control;
late May
Queen of France negotiates a ransom for King Louis; Louis and leading nobles released; bulk of the army remains in captivity pending payment of more money;
13 December
Frederick II dies; succeeded by his son Conrad.
1253
Death of Henry I of Cyprus; succeeded by Hugh II.
1254
Spring
King Louis departs the Kingdom of Jerusalem for France;
May 21
Death of Conrad Hohenstaufen, titular king of Jerusalem;
Start of the War of St Sabas between the Venetians and Genoese.
1256
Mongols destroy the Assassins;
End of hostilities between Venetians and Genoese.
1258
10 February
Mongols capture Baghdad, execute Abbasid caliph; end of the Abbasid caliphate;
10 June
Oxford Provisions adopted in England.
1260
25 January
Mongols capture and sack Aleppo;
2 March
