Mongols capture and sack Damascus;
3 September
Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut;
24 October
Baybars murders Sultan Qutuz and assumes his place as ruler of the Mamluk empire.
1261
13 June
Baybars re-establishes the Abbasid caliphate at Cairo;
25 July
Greeks recover Constantinople.
1264
14 May
Battle of Lewes; victory of Simon de Montfort over Henry III.
1265
Mamluks capture Caesarea, Haifa and Arsuf, thus cutting the Kingdom of Jerusalem in half;
January-March
Simon de Montfort’s Parliament held in England;
4 August
Simon de Montfort defeated and killed at the Battle of Evesham.
1266
Charles d’Anjou, brother of King Louis IX, defeats Manfred of Hohenstaufen and is crowned king of Sicily;
Mumluks expel Franks from Galilee and capture Templar fortress of Safed.
1267
24 March
Louis IX again takes the cross;
November
Death of Hugh II of Cyprus; succeeded by Hugh III of Antioch-Lusignan.
1268
7 March
Jaffa falls to Baybars, city is sacked and population slaughtered;
