old antagonisms faded: Prislin and Christensen, “The Effects of Social Change.”
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thousands more died in prison: There is no exact number but this appears to be the minimum number confirmed by a wide range of advisers and experts among the editors at Encyclopaedia Britannica (1998): The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Reign of Terror,” Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 8, 2020, https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror.
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“wanting to wind them up too strongly”: Maximilien Robespierre, “On the Death Penalty,” June 22, 1791, trans. Mitch Abidor, https://www.marxists.org/history/france/revolution/robespierre/1791/death-penalty.htm.
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suspectedsomeone of dissenting: Rebecca Abrams, “The Monstrous Puzzle of the Revolution,” Guardian, May 19, 2006, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/may/20/featuresreviews.guardianreview4.
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“[W]e must exterminate all our enemies”: John Kekes, “Why Robespierre Chose Terror: The Lessons of the First Totalitarian Revolution,” City Journal, Spring 2006, https://www.city-journal.org/html/why-robespierre-chose-terror-12935.html.
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“the punishment of the people’s enemies is death”: Kekes, “Why Robespierre Chose Terror.”
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“atrocities only strengthen the utter certainty”: Kekes, “Why Robespierre Chose Terror.”
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immediately after a power shift: Radmila Prislin, Vanessa Sawicki, and Kipling Williams, “New Majorities’ Abuse of Power: Effects of Perceived Control and Social Support,” Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 14, no. 4 (2011): 489–504.
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If they don’t aggressively reinforce their power: Prislin, Sawicki, and Williams, “New Majorities’ Abuse of Power.” For a replication and extension, see Radmila Prislin, John M. Levine, and P. Niels Christensen, “When Reasons Matter: Quality of Support Affects Reactions to Increasing and Consistent Agreement,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 42, no. 5 (2006): 593–601.
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the playwright George Bernard Shaw: George Bernard Shaw, Man and Superman (Cambridge, MA: The University Press, 1903).
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racial minorities are poised to become: Maureen A. Craig, Julian M. Rucker, and Jennifer A. Richeson, “Racial and Political Dynamics of an Approaching ‘Majority-Minority’ United States,” ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 677, no. 1 (2018): 204–14.
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quietly attend a rally with his wife: Chris Churchill, “Churchill: At Skidmore, Curiosity Might Get You Canceled,” Times Union, September 10, 2020, https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Churchill-At-Skidmore-curiosity-might-get-you-15553968.php.
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published in the college’sSkidmore News: Samantha Sasenarine, “The Petersons & ‘Blue Lives Matter’: Students Reveal a Pattern of Racism among Skidmore Faculty and Staff,” Skidmore News, August 31, 2020, http://skidmorenews.com/new-blog/2020/8/31/opinion-the-petersons-amp-blue-lives-matter-students-reveal-a-pattern-of-racism-among-skidmore-faculty-and-staff.
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the White House Correspondents’ Dinner: Chris Cillizza, “This Is the Most Controversial Speech at the Correspondents’ Dinner Ever. But Nobody Knew It at the Time,” Washington Post, April 24, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/04/24/this-is-the-most-controversial-speech-ever-at-the-correspondents-dinner-and-i-was-there/.
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conservatives were outraged: Jacques Steinberg, “After Press Dinner, the Blogosphere Is Alive with the Sound of Colbert Chatter,” New York Times, May 3, 2006, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/03/arts/03colb.html.
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Timemagazine essay titled “Make Fun of Everything”: Front cover of the March 13, 2014, issue of Time magazine, Keegan-Michael Key and Jordan Peele, “Make Fun of Everything,” Time, March 13, 2014, https://time.com/22993/key-and-peele-make-fun-of-everything/.
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As comedian Bill Burr attempted to do:Bill Burr: Paper Tiger, directed by Mike Binder, written by Bill Burr, featuring Bill Burr, aired September 10, 2019, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/title/81060174.
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President Teddy Roosevelt urged: These lines are from a famous speech President Theodore Roosevelt gave on April 23, 1910, that has been given the unofficial title “The Man in the Arena.” I think Teddy would be honored that Brené Brown was inspired enough by this speech to reference it in the title of her book Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead (New York: Avery, 2012). Questions remain about how Teddy would feel about an incomplete excerpt from his speech appearing as a tattoo on the arm of actress Miley Cyrus only to be completed by a continuation on the arm of actor and ex-husband Liam Hemsworth. Instead of removing the ink, they can each find new partners who can complete the sentences on their arms. Reference to his oratorical masterpiece in a television commercial for Cadillac cars might have been even more disturbing to Teddy. See US Weekly Staff, “Liam Hemsworth Gets Tattoo to Match Miley Cyrus’ Theodore Roosevelt Quote!,” US Weekly, October 12, 2012, https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/liam-hemsworth-gets-tattoo-to-match-miley-cyrus-theodore-roosevelt-quote-20121210/; David Gianatasio, “Ad of the Day: Cadillac’s ‘Dare Greatly’ Launch Spot Has Teddy Roosevelt but No Car,” Adweek, February 18, 2015, https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/ad-day-cadillacs-dare-greatly-launch-spot-has-teddy-roosevelt-no-car-163017/. Admiration for Teddy led my coauthor Robert Biswas-Diener and I to write an ode to his unusual personality strengths in our previous book, The Upside of Your Dark Side: Why Being Your Whole Self—Not Just Your “Good” Self—Drives Success and Fulfillment (New York: Avery, 2014): see chapter 6, “The Teddy Effect.”
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CHAPTER 8: ENGAGE THE OUTRAGEOUS
In 2007, Cheryl Kennedy: I worked with Fals-Stewart on several projects, two of them leading to scientific publications. See William Fals-Stewart et al., “Behavioral Couples Therapy for Drug-Abusing Patients: Effects on Partner Violence,” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 22, no. 2 (2002): 87–96. My other research article with him is: William Fals-Stewart et al., “An Examination of Indirect Risk of Exposure to HIV among Wives of Substance-Abusing Men,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence 70, no. 1 (2003): 65–76. One of our studies asked which intervention—couples or individual therapy—most effectively prevented drug-addicted men from physically abusing their romantic partners. Our tentative answer: couples therapy. I say tentative because the story I then share raises questions about the integrity of our research.
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Cheryl was convinced Fals-Stewart: Cheryl Kennedy, phone interview with author, July 22, 2019; Cheryl Kennedy, e-mail with author, July 22–23, 2020.
