6. Along with chunks of silver, Mexican dollars were the only valid currency in Inner Asia and China at that time.

7. “Obiasnitel’naia zapisaka k valiutnoi smete sektsii vostochnikh narodov na 1921,” [Explanatory Note Regarding the Eastern Secretariat’s Currency Budget] RASPH, f. 435, op. 154, d. 111, pp. 5–6.

8. “Torzhestvnnoe vstuplenie narrev. pravitel’stva v Urgu [Solemn Entrance of the People’s Revolutionary Government into Urga], July 9, 1921,” RASPH, f. 435, op. 152, d. 15, pp. 6–6 back.

9. Lomakina, Groznie makhakaly Vostoka, 363 (see chapter 2, n. 19).

10. Emanuel Sarkisyantz, “Communism and Lamaist Utopianism in Central Asia,” Review of Politics 20, no. 4 (1958): 630.

11. Rebecca Empson, “h e Repetition of Mongolian Prophetic Time,” in Empson, Time, Causality, and Prophecy, 191–92 (see chapter 2, n.6).

12. Diluv Khutagt, Memoirs and Autobiography of a Mongol Buddhist: Reincarnation in Religion and Revolution (Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz, 1982), 167.

13. No title [guidelines for the Mongol-Tibetan Section], RASPH, f. 495, op.

152, d. 6, p. 30.

14. Khutagt, Memoirs and Autobiography, 122.

15. Boris Shumatsky to Mikhail Kobetskii, April 23, 1921, RASPH, f. 435, op. 154, d. 105, p. 33; Shumatsky to Kobetskii, May 20, 1921, Ibid., p. 39

back.

16. Lomakina, Groznie makhakaly Vostoka, 263 (see chapter 2, n. 19).

17. Elbek-Dorji Rinchino, “E-D. Rinchino o kharakteristike lichnostei neko-torikh deiatelei partii i pravitel’stva” [E-D. Rinchino about Several Personalities in Party and Government], in Bazarov, Tsibikov, and Ochirov, Elbek-Dorji Rinchino o Mongolii, 148 (see chapter 5, n.18); Caroline Hum-phrey, “Prophecy and Sequential Orders in Mongolian Political History,”

in Empson, Time, Causality And Prophecy, 85–86, 96–97 92 (see chapter 2, n. 6).

18. Larry Moses, h e Political Role of Mongol Buddhism (Bloomington: Indiana University, 1977), 180–81.

19. Nikiforov, “Dnevnikovie zapisi P. M. Nikiforova,” entry for August 13, 1925

(see chapter 5, n. 13).

20. “Sektsiia vostochnikh narodov Sibburo [Department of Eastern Peoples of the Siberian Bureau], RASPH, f. 539, op. 152, d. 6, p. 11; no title [guidelines for the Mongol-Tibetan Section], RASPH, f. 495, op. 152, f. 6, p. 30.

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21. Boris Shumatsky to Georgy Chicherin, S. I. Dukhovskii, and Meer Trilisser, July 1921, RASPH, f. 495, op. 154, d. 105, p. 40.

22. Boris Shumatsky to Georgy Chicherin, August 29, 1921, RASPH, f. 495, op.

154, d. 97, p. 43.

23. Agvan Dorzhiev Predanie o krugosvetnom puteshestvii, ili, Povestvovanie o zhizni Agvana Dorzhieva [A Tale about a Round-the-World Journey, or a Life Story of Agvan Dorzhiev] (Ulan Ude: Buryatskoe kniznoe izdatel’stvo, 1994), 11.

24. Andreev, Vremya Shambaly, 276 (see preface, n. 8).

25. Burman, Religion and Politics in Tibet, 62–63 (see chapter 5, n.14).

26. Batorskii [Sergei Borisov], “Sovremennii Tibet” [Modern Tibet], RASPH, f.

532, op. 4, d. 343, pp. 59–60, 47.

27. For more about Bailey, see Peter Hopkirk, Setting the East Ablaze: Lenin’s Dream of an Empire in Asia (New York: Kodansha, 1995), 7–94.

28. Petrosian, “O buddiiskikh raionakh [1928],” 59 (see chapter 5, n. 12).

29. Andreyev, Soviet Russia and Tibet, 259 (see preface, n. 8).

30. C. R. Bawden, Modern History of Mongolia (New York: Preager, 1968), 262–63.

31. Andreyev, Soviet Russia and Tibet, 278 (see preface, n. 8).

32. Khutagt, Memoirs and Autobiography, 132.

33. Andreyev, Soviet Russia and Tibet, 281 (see preface, n. 8).

Chapter Seven

1. Sarkozi, Political Prophecies in Mongolia, 66 (see chap. 2, n. 10).

2. Robert C. Williams, Russian Art and American Money, 1900–1940 (Cam-bridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980), 116.

3. Alexandre Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo: teosofskii mif i ego tvortsy [Himalayan Brotherhood: h

eosophical Myth and People Who Created It] (St.

Petersburg: iz-vo St. Petersburgskogo universiteta, 2008), 146.

4. Zinaida Fosdick, Moi uchitelia: vstrechi s Rerikhami (po stranitsam dnevnika, 1922–1934) [My Teachers: Meetings with the Roeriches (Pages from the 1922-1934 Journal)] (Moscow: Sfera, 1998), 114, 188, 320–21; Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo, 395–96.

5. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 87.

6. Andreev, Gimalaiskoe bratstvo, 138.

7. Fosdick, Moi uchitelia, 117, 119, 122, 123.

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8. Helena Roerich (Rerikh), Pis’ma [Letters], vol. 1 (1919–1933) (Moscow: MTR, 1999), 20.

9. Rosov, Nikolai Rerikh vestnik Zvenigoroda, vol. 1: 71 (see preface, n. 9).