216– 217; writing- to- learn

incident, 106– 109, 271n3;

strategy used by, 89– 90

refl ection in, 223; testing as

retrieval practice in, 20

Qstream training platform, 240

Plant classifi cation, learning of,

Quizzing. See Testing

96– 98

Plasticity of brain, 66, 142,

Reading: ability in, 141; in

164– 173, 279n3; in deliber-

dyslexia, 139– 140, 141– 143;

ate practice, 184

generation effect in, 209;

Index ê 308

Reading (continued)

15– 16; lack of learning in,

and intelligence quotient

12– 16, 258n7; in massed

changes, 175– 176; interfer-

practice, 3, 9– 10; of reading

ence as learning aid in, 86– 87,

( See Rereading); of retrieval 269n13; and rereading ( See

practice, 28– 29, 31– 32, 43;

Rereading); in VARK approach

study advice on, 12, 204– 205;

to learning styles, 144

of testing, 31– 32, 44, 125,

Reagan, Ronald, 24

203– 204, 263n17

Recitation, compared to

Rereading, 3, 10, 14– 16,

rereading, 30

258nn9– 10; fl uency in, 17,

Reconsolidation of memory, 20,

116, 202; illusion of knowing

74, 82– 83, 101, 268– 269n11

in, 15– 16, 17, 116; of medical

Refl ection, 26– 27, 66, 88– 90,

student, 214; recitation

209– 210; in football training,

compared to, 30; retrieval

62, 222; of lifelong learners,

practice and testing compared

222– 223; in medical educa-

to, 41, 42, 44, 202– 203;

tion, 26– 27, 59, 215, 222; in

spaced practice in, 14, 15

pi lot training, 223; in police