75, 82, 100; encoding of

41, 42, 44, 202– 203; spaced

information in, 100; forgetting

out, 32, 43, 203– 205; in

of, 72– 73, 100; in massed

student- directed learning,

practice, 82; retrieval from,

124; as study technique, 41,

90, 100

201– 205, 262n15; as teaching

Simulation training: in football

strategy, 227, 229– 230, 231,

practice, 61– 62; in Jiffy Lube

235; testing as, 19– 20, 28– 44,

University, 246; in military

201– 203. See also Testing

jump school training, 61– 72;

Retrieval strength, 266n12

in medical school, 57– 58; of

Rhyme schemes as memory

pi lots, 11– 12, 20; of police,

cues, 188– 189

128– 130; practice like you

Riverside Military Academy, 236

play, 57– 58, 85– 86, 130;

Rohrer, Doug, 145

role- play as simulation, 241,

Role- playing in business

243– 244, 252

coaching, 241, 252

Skinner, B. F., 90, 270n16

Rule learning, 133; compared to

Sleep, consolidation of memory

example learning, 155– 157,

in, 63, 73, 267n4

278– 279n15; and structure

Smoke jump training, 78

building, 157

Sobel, Andrew, 37– 39, 64, 125,

Rumsfeld, Donald, 17

227, 261n10

Social contagion of memory,

Schema induction, 278n14

117, 273n12

Science courses: achievement

Social infl uences on memory,

gap in, 232– 234, 283n7; in

116– 117

Columbia Public School

Socioeconomic status, and