District, 238– 239

intelligence quotient, 174,

Self- directed learning, 123– 124,

175

274n18; fl ashcards in, 44,

Songs, as mnemonic devices, 189

124, 274n19

Spaced practice, 4, 48– 49, 66,

Sensory skill retraining, 168– 169

203– 205; in baseball training,

September 11th terrorist

80; in commercial training,

attacks, fl ashbulb memories

240; consolidation of memory

of, 118, 273n14

in, 63, 75, 82; effort in, 4, 47,

Index ê 310

Spaced practice (continued)

Sternberg, Robert, 18, 148– 151,

49, 81, 82, 205; fl ashcards

276n9

in, 64, 204; of football team,

Structure building, 133,

61– 62; forgetting in, 63,

153– 155, 160– 161, 277n13;

82; habit strength in, 63;

in refl ection, 155; and rule

interleaving in, 64; of lifelong

learning, 157

learners, 219, 220; massed

Students, 201– 217; in medical

practice compared to, 47, 48,

education, 211– 215 ( See also

49, 204– 205, 263– 264n2; in

Medical education); in peer

medical education, 48– 49,

instruction, 125– 126,

212, 214– 215, 264n3; in

230– 231; in psychology

military jump school training,

course, 16, 89– 90, 163, 186,

71; neurogenesis in, 172; in

190– 194, 216– 217; refl ection

pi lot training, 12; of medical

of, 209– 210; retrieval practice

student, 213– 215; of psychol-

of, 201– 205; self- directed

ogy student, 217; rehearsal in,

learning of, 123– 124, 274n18;

76; reloading in, 82, 268n10;