spaced practice of, 203– 205;

in rereading, 14, 15; strength

study techniques of ( See Study of learning in, 48; as study

techniques); tips for teachers

strategy, 203– 205; as teaching

of, 225– 239

strategy, 228; in testing, 32,

Study techniques, 16, 201– 217;

40, 43; time between sessions

calibration of judgment in,

in, 63

210– 211; elaboration in,

Spatial disorientation of pi lots,

207– 208, 214, 215, 227,

108, 271n3

231; generation in, 208– 209;

Spatial intelligence, 147

interleaved practice in,

Spivey, Michelle, 36

205– 207; massed practice or

Sports training: for baseball, 6– 7,

cramming in, 3, 9– 10, 31, 44,

79– 81, 85, 86, 206, 268n9; for

48, 63, 203, 226; of medical

football, 60– 62, 120, 124, 198,

students, 211– 215 ( See also

222; for ice hockey, 52, 65;

Medical education); mnemonic

interleaved practice in, 61, 62,

devices in, 186, 190– 194,

65, 80, 206; massed practice

196– 197, 211; of psychology

in, 52, 80, 81; practice like

students, 16, 89– 90, 163,

you play in, 85– 86; retrieval

186, 190– 194, 211, 216– 217;

practice in, 62

refl ection in, 209– 210;

Standardized testing, 18, 19,

rereading in, 42, 202; retrieval

30, 151

practice and testing in, 41,

Index ê 311

201– 205, 262n15; spaced

64, 125, 227; summary sheets

practice in, 203– 205; in

in, 208, 231; Thayer method,

student- directed learning,

234, 236; transparency in,

124; teacher explanations