painting styles, 53– 54, 84,
159, 275nn3– 4
Index ê 299
Early education programs,
223– 225; of medical student,
intelligence quotient changes
214, 215; in refl ection,
in, 175– 176
209– 210; with summary
Ebersold, Mike, 23– 27, 29, 59,
sheets, 208, 231; as teaching
120, 127, 155, 198, 222,
strategy, 208, 227, 231
259n1
Embedded questions, benefi ts of
Edison, Thomas, 93
to low structure- builders,
Effort: advanced learning in, 7;
155, 277n13
brain changes in, 199, 226;
Empirical research on learning, 9
conceptual learning in, 84– 85;
Encoding pro cess, 72– 73, 100,
and desirable diffi culties in
267n3
learning, 68– 69, 98, 160,
Environmental infl uences on
226– 228, 229, 266– 267n2;
intelligence quotient, 173– 176
failure attributions affecting,
Ericsson, Anders, 92– 93, 183,
180– 182; and generation
184– 185, 195, 224, 281n20
effect, 32; in growth mindset,
Erie Lackawanna railroad,
179, 180– 181; in interleaved
137– 138
practice, 47, 50, 81, 207;
Errorless learning, 90, 270n16;
mastery in, 83– 84; mental
