32, 87– 88, 269n14; hindsight

234– 236, 283n8

bias affecting, 115– 116,

Mazur, Eric, 119, 125– 126,

273n11; hypnosis affecting,

273n15

114, 272n9; imagination

McCaw, Craig, 139– 140

infl ation affecting, 113,

McDaniel, Mark, 145

272n7; implicit, 56; interfer-

McDermott, Kathleen, 227,

ence affecting, 114– 115;

236– 238, 284n10

long- term, 49, 73– 75, 82, 100;

McPhee, John, 220– 222, 224,

mental models in, 118– 120;

225

with mnemonic devices,

Medical education, 56– 60,

163– 164, 185– 198 ( See also

211– 215; complex mastery in,

Mnemonic devices); momen-

56– 60; in- service training in,

tary and habit strength of, 63,

239; practical experience in,

266n12; narratives affecting,

58– 59; refl ection in, 26– 27,

109– 112; in retrieval practice,

59, 215, 222; retrieval practice

3– 4, 19– 20, 75– 76; short- term,

in, 23– 27, 29, 57– 58, 60, 212,

49, 72– 73, 75, 82, 90, 100;

213– 215; spaced practice in,

social infl uences on, 116– 117,

48– 49, 212, 214– 215, 264n3;

273n12; in spaced practice,

testing in, 57, 60, 213, 214,

63, 82, 205; suggestion

265– 266n10

affecting, 113– 114; testing

Memory, 2; in associative

strengthening, 19– 20, 29,

learning, 172; consolidation

30– 32, 39, 259n5, 261n11;

of ( See Consolidation of

working ( See Working

memory); distortions of

memory)

( See Distortions of memory);