Memory athletes, 164, 166,

effort of learning affecting, 9,

193, 194– 197, 282– 283n24

49; in elaboration, 207– 208;

Memory cues, 185– 198. See

encoding of information in,

also Mnemonic devices

72– 73, 100, 267n3; explicit,

Memory palaces, 185– 186,

56; false, 267n3; false

191– 194, 211

consensus effect on, 117,

Memory span, 196

273n13; familiarity affecting,

Memory traces, 72; consolida-

116; fl ashbulb, 117– 118,

tion of, 73– 75

Index ê 306

Mental models, 6– 7, 83, 101,

52, 80, 81; varied practice

118– 120, 257n1; structure

of, 46, 51– 52, 264n5

building in, 153

Mozart, 184

Mentors, 140

Multiple- choice tests, 41,

Metacognition, 16, 102, 121,

261n12, 262n14

169, 270– 271n1

Multiple intelligences, 147– 148,

Method of loci, 185– 186

275n8

Michelangelo, 184

Musical intelligence, 147

Military jump school training,

Myelin, 169, 170– 171, 178,

67– 78; smoke jump training

280n8

after, 78

Mischel, Walter, 162, 279n1

Narratives, 109– 113, 140

Mnemonic devices, 163– 164,

National Institutes of Health

185– 198, 211; in Farmers

Human Connectome Project,

Insurance training, 243, 244;

170

historical, 189, 282n23;

Naturalistic intelligence, 148

memory palaces as, 185– 186,