languages in 253
Pirahã 279–85
Pomo 262–9, 263
Waxaklahun-Ubah-K’awil 270–8, 271
Yup’ik 255–61, 255
animal numeracy 4–5
estimate, ability to 5, 11–12, 13–18, 20, 21, 22, 23–5
subitising 28–30
Anu-Adad, temple of, Assur 87
approximate number system 13–25, 26–7, 28, 29, 32, 283, 287
Aquitaine, museum of 46
Arabic language 85, 117, 134, 148–51, 152, 153–6, 155, 157, 158, 163, 164, 168
Arabic numerals
arithmetic and 160–1, 162, 174, 184
census and 207
ciphering books and 169–70, 184, 199
‘dust arithmetic’/‘dust symbols’ and 150–2, 183
Europe, enters 157–65, 163, 288
Indian number symbols and 132–3, 148–51, 154–6, 155
origins of 133, 134–56, 144, 145, 155, 183
paper and 150–2, 154, 166–72, 167, 181, 184–5
spread and popularity of 181, 183, 184–5
tables/lists and 173–4
archaeological record 3, 32, 33, 43, 61, 73
Aristophanes 108
Aristotle 65, 182
arithmetic 4, 65, 288
animal numeracy and 15
Arabic numerals and 160–1, 162, 174, 184
Babylonian arithmetical number writing 83
brain and 22–3
ciphering books and 169, 170, 171
counting rods and 193, 199
defined 63
desk calculators and 216
digital technology and 217, 224
dust arithmetic or board arithmetic 150–1
ENIAC and 217
finger counting and 49
Greek number writing and 107, 118
