mahayuga, or ‘great age’ 138

Mahesvara 143

Maici River 279

Maimonides 151

Makassar 229

mammals 24, 28, 40, 249, 264, 287

Mangareva 249

al-Mansur, court of, Baghdad 148

Maori 248

Marcomannic campaigns 112

Marrakesh 147–8, 151

Matsuzaki, Kiyoshi 200–1

Mayan world 2, 271–8, 271

mealworm beetles 13

Mediterranean 31, 47, 50, 69, 73, 87, 88, 98, 99, 112, 151

Meiji restoration (1868) 206

‘mental abacus’ training 202–3

Mental Calculation World Cup 203

Mesoamerica 272, 273

Meteorological Society 179

Micronesia 226, 249, 251

Middle Ages 99, 115–16, 121, 132–3, 198

Middle Stone Age 33, 38, 40

Ming period 188, 193, 194, 195

Minho 221–2

Mixtec 278

Molesworth, Caroline 173, 176–80, 181, 184–5

money

counting boards and 130, 131–2

denominate numbers and 170

Greek 106, 109, 110, 111

Mayan 276

Oksapmin 241, 242, 243, 252

Pomo and 263, 266–9

multiplication 42, 60

Arabic numerals and 184, 199

ciphering books and 168, 170

counting boards and 129, 165

Greek 104

hand gestures and 115

Hollerith tabulator and 212

Indian number symbols and 149, 152

origins of 82, 83

place-value system and 142, 143, 144

soroban calculation and 200, 201

Tongan language and 246

Mun’im al-’Abdari, Ahmad ibn 151–6, 163; ‘On the Science of Calculation’ 151–2

Mura 284–5

My Dud-to-Stud Boyfriend (webtoon) 222

myths, first written 81