internet 215–16, 218–10

interparietal sulci 22, 32

Inuit 259, 260

Iran 73, 85, 148

Ishango bone 41–2, 41, 46, 64

Islam 148, 150–1, 153

Israel 35, 90

Japan 43, 175, 186, 191, 193, 196, 197–9, 200–2, 204, 205–6, 214, 221

jetons (counters specially struck for use on counting boards) 125–6, 125, 129–32

jewellery 124, 272

Juvenal 114

K’ak’ Tiliw Chan Yopaat of Quiringa, King 277–8

kaliyuga (Sanskrit astronomy) 138

kalpa (day-and-night period of Brahman) 138

Kannada language 143

katapayadi numbers 139–40, 141

Katmuhu 84

Kawahiv 279

Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa al-149, 154, 155, 160–1, 163–4, 181

kinship relationships 227–8, 280–1

Kiribati 251

kleroterion 101–2, 108–9

Köbel, Jacob: ‘Reckoning Book’ 127–9, 128

Kodiak archipelago 256

Korea 2, 186, 191, 193, 196, 197, 201–2, 215, 220, 221, 222, 223

K-pop 220–1, 222

Kuskokwim Bay, Alaska 255–7, 255, 260

Lake Miwok, California 264–5

Lake Rutanzige, Democratic Republic of the Congo 40–2

Lamotrek, Central Carolines 251

languages

Afro-Asiatic 95

Akkadian 85, 86–7, 90, 95, 148

Amamalya Ayakwa 229–30

Americas and 7, 253, 260, 264, 268, 271–3, 279–85

Arabic 85, 117, 134, 148–51, 152, 153–6, 155, 157, 158, 163, 164, 168

Austronesian 226, 229–30, 231, 232–3, 238–9, 250–1

counting existing without 14

Egyptian 70, 92–8, 93, 106, 148–9, 183

gesture and 48, 54

Indian 136

Indo-European 104, 136, 140

Kannada 143

Latin 59, 99, 114, 116, 117, 120, 121, 126–7, 134, 136–7, 154, 155, 157–64

Mayan 271–8

Micronesian 249, 251

New Guinea 226, 238–9

origins of 57–62, 72–91

Pirahã 279–85

Polynesian 246, 248–9, 251, 252