Nag Hammadi 115–16

al-Nasir, Muhammad 153

Nassarius kraussianus 35

natural selection 17, 18

Neanderthals 43

Nebuchadnezzar 87

neocortex 22

New Guinea 226, 231, 235–43, 250

New Testament 115–16

New Zealand 175, 246, 250

Nile, River 69, 93, 96, 106

Nippon Times 201

Nisibis, Euphrates 148

nouns

Amamalya Ayakwa 229

Australian languages 232

classifiers 246, 251–2

Micronesian languages and 251

number as 63

Polynesian languages and 251

Tongan 246, 251

number lines 15, 31–62, 99. See also wild number lines

number neurons 23–4

numbers

defined 64–5

reality of 64–5

number sense (before counting) 11–30

estimating 13–25, 20

subitising 26–30, 27

number symbols 1, 2, 4, 5, 134–85, 286, 287–8, 289

Americas and 7, 253–4, 272–5, 276–7

Arabic numerals see Arabic numerals

beads see beads

Chinese 187, 188–95, 192

decimal system and 113–14

Fertile Crescent, invention and use of in 6, 68–98, 75, 89, 93

Greece see Greece

Indian see India

machines and see machines, counting

number sense and 11, 19, 22–3

Oceania and 226, 249

Roman see Roman Empire

number theory 63, 121, 151

number words 5, 11, 36, 289

Americas and 7, 253, 260–1, 276–7, 281–2, 284–5

Anindilyakwa and 229–34

Arabic 148–56, 155

decimal see decimal system

East Asia and 186, 191, 193

emergence of 31, 36–7, 57–65, 69–98, 75, 89, 93, 99, 287