Samoan language 248, 249, 251

Sanskrit 134, 136–40, 143, 146, 149, 155, 158–9, 163

Santa Barbara Channel 264

schoty 198

scribes 1, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 88, 89–91, 89, 92–5, 118, 122, 150

sea turtle eggs 228

Sebokht, Bishop 148, 157

Semitic language family 85, 95, 119, 148

Shakespeare, William 15, 125

Shaw Billings, John 208

shell

beads 35, 39, 264, 266, 267, 268

money 262–9, 263

shouting vote 107

Sia Yoon 215–16, 216, 218, 220–4

sifr (Arabic zero) 158, 168

Smyrna 117

social media 215–16, 216, 218, 220–4

soroban (abacus) 186, 196–203, 198, 289

South Asia 134–5, 136, 141

Sparta 107

square numbers 152

stamping 74

Stars and Stripes 200, 201

statistical analysis 134

Statistical Museum of the Statistics Bureau of Japan 214

stelae 90, 270, 276–7

Stone Age 6, 31–62, 231, 232, 287

stone tools 33, 38

storm glass 177

stylus 76, 80, 84, 88–9, 150

suanpan (abacus) 186, 195, 196–203, 289

subitising 12, 26–30, 27, 36, 48–9, 62, 105, 273, 287, 289

subtraction

Arabic numerals and 165, 184

beads and 36, 82, 97

ciphering books and 168, 169, 170

counting board and 118–19, 128–9, 158

Oksapmin 242–3

place-value system of number symbols and 142, 143

soroban calculation and 201

Sulawesi, Indonesia 229

Sumer, Mesopotamia 69, 70, 71–82, 75, 85, 86–7, 91, 95, 96–7, 134

Sunda 232

sunya (‘empty’, Sanskrit) 158, 168

symbols, number, See number symbols

synklerosis (kleroteria process) 109

Syria 73, 76, 84, 157

tables 174

Arabic numerals 149, 153, 154, 160, 161, 162, 173–4