astronomical 148, 149, 153, 154, 160, 161, 162, 173–4

base-10 184

counting 125, 126

mortality 175

multiplication 83, 97, 115, 142, 165, 199, 238

Tahitian language 248

tallies 4, 6, 7, 39, 285, 286, 287, 289

body tallies 233, 235–43, 237

census and 207

China 191–2

English exchequer and 165

Greek 105

Indian 136

origins of 31, 41–7, 41, 45, 55, 58, 62, 64, 73, 76, 79, 98, 182

Pomo 268

Yup’ik 255–61, 255

Tasmania 231

tax 286

China/Hong Gongshou 188–95, 192, 206

Egypt, ancient 92–8, 93

USA 206

Vijjadavida 142

Teianti 92–8, 93

ten, number

as base for counting 60–1, 182–3

Bhaskara and 143

decimal system see decimal system

Roman finger-counting and 114

tallies and 42

Vedic hymns and 137

Thebes 92–8, 93

thermometers 173, 177, 179

Thule culture 256

Tikal 275–6

Time magazine 201

Tocharian 140–1

Tok Pisin 241

Toledan numerals 157–65, 163, 173, 183

Tonga/Tongan language 2, 244–52, 245

tools 40–1, 43, 50, 58, 231–2, 236, 249, 257

bone 35, 39, 236

stone 33, 34, 38, 236

Torres Straits 231

trade

accounting and 171–2

Australian networks of 232, 236, 241–3

Chinese mathematical writing and 194

Greek, ancient 106, 110

India and 140, 142

Mayan world 271, 276, 277