Skinner, B. F., 90, 270n16
Rule learning, 133; compared to
Sleep, consolidation of memory
example learning, 155– 157,
in, 63, 73, 267n4
278– 279n15; and structure
Smoke jump training, 78
building, 157
Sobel, Andrew, 37– 39, 64, 125,
Rumsfeld, Donald, 17
227, 261n10
Social contagion of memory,
Schema induction, 278n14
117, 273n12
Science courses: achievement
Social infl uences on memory,
gap in, 232– 234, 283n7; in
116– 117
Columbia Public School
Socioeconomic status, and
District, 238– 239
intelligence quotient, 174,
Self- directed learning, 123– 124,
175
274n18; fl ashcards in, 44,
Songs, as mnemonic devices, 189
124, 274n19
Spaced practice, 4, 48– 49, 66,
Sensory skill retraining, 168– 169
203– 205; in baseball training,
September 11th terrorist
80; in commercial training,
attacks, fl ashbulb memories
240; consolidation of memory
of, 118, 273n14
in, 63, 75, 82; effort in, 4, 47,
Index ê 310
Spaced practice (continued)
Sternberg, Robert, 18, 148– 151,
49, 81, 82, 205; fl ashcards
