228, 229– 230, 237; of
on, 226
Wenderoth, 89, 208, 210,
Study tips: for students,
228– 234, 236
201– 217; for lifelong
Teams, complementary areas of
learners, 217– 225
expertise in, 127– 128
Suggestion, distortion of
Testing, 4– 5, 19– 20; anxiety in,
memory in, 113– 114
91– 92; benefi ts of, 42– 43, 44,
Sullenberger, Chesley, 223
125, 202– 203, 263n17; in
Summary sheets, 208, 231
Columbia Public School
Surgical training: refl ection in,
District, 20, 33– 37, 238,
26– 27; retrieval practice in,
258n13, 260n8; in commer-
23– 27, 29; spaced practice
cial training, 240; cramming
in, 48– 49, 264n3
for, 3, 31, 44, 48, 63, 203,
Swonk, Diane, 139
226; delayed, 43; dynamic,
Synapses: formation of,
151– 152, 159, 277n12; errors
166– 167; pruning of, 167;
in, 39– 40, 44, 91; as false
structures in twins, 170
mea sure of ability, 19;
Synthesis of knowledge, in
familiarity affecting, 64; fear
Bloom’s taxonomy of
of failure in, 91– 92; feedback
learning, 229
on answers in, 39– 40, 44;
frequency of, 44, 125,
