per for mance goals, 180– 181
Massed practice, 3, 9– 10, 63;
Learning paragraphs, 89, 210,
on bird identifi cation, 55;
232
cramming as, 3, 31, 44, 48,
Learning styles, 4, 94, 131– 132,
63, 203, 226; fast gains in,
139– 146, 275nn5– 6; dynamic
9– 10, 47, 125; illusion of
testing compared to, 151; in
mastery in, 82; interleaved
dyslexia, 139– 140, 141– 143;
practice compared to, 47,
and instructional styles,
49, 50, 53– 55, 206– 207,
145– 146, 275n6; structure
263– 264n2; of motor skills,
building compared to, 153;
52, 80, 81; myth of, 47– 48;
VARK approach to, 144
on painting style of artists,
Learning theories, 8– 17
53– 54, 265n7; retrieval
Learning tips: for students,
practice compared to, 31,
201– 217; for lifelong
44, 203, 261n11; short- term
learners, 217– 225
memory in, 82; spaced
Leitner, Sebastian, 64
practice compared to, 47,
Leitner box, 64
48, 49, 204– 205, 263–
Leonetti, Oliver, 250, 251, 252
264n2; varied practice
Leppla, Sam, 135– 137
compared to, 47, 53– 55
Lettvin, Jerome, 142
Mastery, 159; components
